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摘要聚氨酯硬泡是一类综合性能优异的高分子材料，具有导热系数低、比强度高、尺寸稳定性好等诸多优点，被广泛应用于各个领域。然而，未经阻燃处理的聚氨酯硬泡属易燃材料，燃烧产生大量有毒气体和烟雾，因此，聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃研究仍是当前研究的热点。37318
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本文采用含杂环结构的多元醇制备了聚氨酯硬泡，采用含磷氮的反应型阻燃剂对其进行阻燃改性处理，并借助氧指数仪、热重分析仪、动态力学分析仪、万能试验机以及扫描电镜等现代分析手段，系统的研究了聚氨酯酯硬泡材料料的耐热性能、阻燃性能、动态力学性能、力学性能及燃烧后表面炭层形貌等综合性能。结果表明，随着磷氮型阻燃剂添加量的增加，阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的泡孔尺寸变大，且密度有所下降，极限氧指数也随着阻燃剂添加量的增加而增大，实验范围内提高了2.5%；然而，阻燃聚氨酯硬泡的起始分解温度、玻璃化转变温度与压缩强度均随阻燃剂添加量的增加而有所下降。
毕业论文关键词：聚氨酯硬泡；反应型磷氮阻燃剂；耐热性；阻燃性
Effect of Reactive Flame Retardant on the Flame Retardancy of Rigid Polyurethane Foam
Abstract
Rigid polyurethane foam (RPUF) is a series of polymer materials with excellent comprehensive properties. It is widely used in many fields on account of its low thermal conductivity, heat resistance and excellent dimensional stability. However, it is flammable when it was not improved by flame retardants, which results in the release of toxic gases and smoke when it is burning. Hence, it is urgent to improve the flame retardancy of RPUF.
In this paper, a novel polyol containing heterocyclic structure was selected as a matrix resin to prepare the RPUF with excellent thermal stability, the reactive flame retardant containing nitrogen-phosphorus was used as flame retardant to modify the RPUF. The related researches including the oxygen index apparatus, thermogravimetric analyzer, dynamic mechanical analysis, universal material testing machine and scanning electron microscope have been carried on by analyzing the flame retardants which affect the thermal stability, flame retardancy, dynamic mechanical properties and the morphology of char-layer. The results show that with the cell size of the RPUF was increased with the increasing amount of the flame retardant, the density decreased, and the limiting oxygen index also increased 2.5% with the increasing amount of flame retardant; however, the initial decomposition temperature , the glass transition temperature and the compressive strength of the flame retardant RPUF decreased with increasing amounts of the flame retardant.
Keywords: Rigid polyurethane foam; reactive flame retardant with phosphorus-nitrogen; thermal stability; flame retardancy
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目录
1 绪论 1
1.1 聚氨酯硬泡概况 2
1.1.1 聚氨酯硬泡合成的基本原理 2
1.1.2 聚氨酯硬泡的特性 3
1.2 聚氨酯硬泡的燃烧过程及阻燃原理 4
1.2.1 聚氨酯硬泡的燃烧过程 4
1.2.2 聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃原理 5
1.3 聚氨酯硬泡的阻燃改性 6
1.3.1 添加型阻燃剂阻燃 6
1.3.2反应型阻燃剂阻燃 7
1.4 聚氨酯硬泡反应型阻燃剂研究 8
1.5反应型阻燃剂在聚氨酯硬泡中的应用 9
1.5.1 反应型阻燃剂应用的原理 9
1.5.2 反应型阻燃剂应用的过程 10
1.6本课题的研究目的和意义 10
2 实验部分 11