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摘要：矿物质元素对水稻的生长发育及其品质具有重要影响作用。稻米中矿物质含量的高低与人类健康问题息息相关。氮素对水稻矿物质元素的吸收、转运、以及在籽粒中的积累都具有重要影响作用。本试验选用20份江苏主栽品种进行田间试验，以探究氮素对水稻矿质元素积累及分配的影响。结果表明：（1）在各元素吸收方面：促进了N、K、Ca、Mn等元素的吸收，而对P、Mg、Fe、Zn、Cu等元素的吸收具有一定的抑制作用；（2）在三大元素转运方面：增施氮肥可以提高各营养器官的N、P、K转运量和穗部养分增加量，转运率依次为：N＞P＞K，且叶片始终大于茎鞘的转运率；（3）在元素积累方面：增施氮肥提高了水稻植株地上部各营养元素的积累量，但降低了各元素的收获指数；（4）在各元素成熟期器官分配方面：N、P、Mg三种元素主要分配于籽粒中；K、Ca、Fe、Mn、Cu五种元素主要分配于茎鞘和叶片中；Zn元素成熟期主要积累于茎鞘和籽粒部位。28128
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毕业论文关键词：水稻；氮肥；矿质元素；积累；转运；分配额
Effects of nitrogen fertilizer on the distribution of mineral elements of rice plants and their physiological mechanisms
Abstract： Mineral elements on the growth and development of rice and rice quality has important influence. Mineral content in rice is related to human health. Nitrogen has an important effect on rice mineral elements absorption, transport and accumulation in grains. This study to explore the physiological mechanism of mineral elements accumulation and distribution of rice affected by nitrogen fertilizer by using field experiment of 20 live plant species in Jiangsu. The results showed that: (1) In terms of absorbing the elements:the absorption of elements such as N, K, Ca, Mn is promoted, however, the absorption of elements such as P, Mg, Fe, Zn and Cu is inhibited.(2) In the three main element transport: The N, P , K transported from the nutrient organs to spikes and panicle nutrient showed a increasing trend as the nitrogen rate increased. The transfer rate is N > P > K and the transfer rate of the blades is always greater than the transfer rate of the stem sheath.(3) In the accumulation of elements: The increase of nitrogen fertilizer increased the accumulation of various nutrient elements in rice plants, but decreases the harvest index of each element.(4) In terms of the distribution of the organs in mature stage: The three elements of N, P, and Mg are mainly assigned to seed grains. The elements of K, Ca, Fe, Mn and Cu are mainly distributed in the stems and leaves. The Zn elements in mature stage mainly in the stems and seeds.
Key words: Rice;Nitrogen fertilizer;Mineral element;Accumulation;Translocation;Distribution
目 录
摘要 3
关键词 3
Abstract 3
Key words 4
引言 4
1 材料与方法 5
1．1 材料 5
1．2 方法 5
1．2．1 种植方法与试验处理 5
1．2．2 取样制备 5
1．2．3 测定指标与方法 5
1．2．4 数据统计与分析 5
2 结果分析 5
2．1 氮素对稻米矿质元素组成的影响及基因型差异 5
2．2 氮素对叶片及茎鞘氮、磷、钾的转运的影响 7
2．3 氮素处理对水稻齐穗、成熟期各元素积累的影响 7
2．4 水稻成熟期植株各器官矿质营养元素的分配 8
3 讨论 10
致谢 11
参考文献 11
氮素对水稻植株矿质元素分配的影响及其生理机制