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摘要：为明确镁对小麦(Triticum astivum L.)花后高温胁迫的缓解机理，本研究采用盆栽试验和人工气候室模拟增温的方法，研究孕穗期施镁（0、20 kg•hm-2）对灌浆期不同时段（花后14-20天、花后21-27天，分别以T1、T2表示，昼/夜32/22℃）高温胁迫下小麦产量和碳氮代谢的影响。结果表明，相同温度的高温胁迫下，施镁处理较不施镁处理在旗叶净光合速率（Pn）、气孔导度（Gs）、蒸腾速率（Tr）等方面得到了显著的提高，而胞间CO2浓度（Ci）降低；在氮、碳代谢方面，旗叶氮含量及硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性，可溶性糖含量、旗叶磷酸蔗糖合成酶（SPS）活性、籽粒蔗糖含量和蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性均显著提高；进而而提高籽粒的千粒重和产量。因此，施镁能够协调小麦源库的碳氮代谢平衡，显著减轻高温胁迫的伤害，增加小麦的抗逆性，从而有利于籽粒产量的形成。28127
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毕业论文关键词：小麦；镁；高温胁迫；碳氮代谢；产量
Effects of magnesium on carbon and nitrogen metabolism and yield of wheat exposed to high temperature stress
Abstract： In order to clarify the remission mechanism of magnesium exposed to post-anthesis high temperature stress in wheat(Triticum astivum L.), pot experiment and artificial climate chamber were used to simulate temperature increasing. The effects of magnesium application （0,20 kg•hm-2）at booting stage on yield and carbon and nitrogen metabolism of wheat under different temperature stress during grain filling stage(14-20 days after flower, 21-27 days after flower, T1 and T2 respectively, day / night 32/22℃) were studied. The results show that under high temperature stress, magnesium fertilizer treatment than the same temperature without applying magnesium treatment significantly increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), stomatal conductance (Gs), transpiration rate (Tr) decreased, intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci). The nitrogen content and nitrate reductase (NR) and glutamine synthetase (GS) activity, soluble sugar content and flag leaf sucrose phosphate synthase (SPS) activity were significantly increased in nitrogen and carbon metabolism. It was also found that the sucrose content and sucrose synthase (SS) activity were significantly increased, which affected the grain weight and the yield.Therefore, the application of magnesium can coordinate the balance of carbon and nitrogen metabolism of wheat source sink, significantly reduce the damage of high temperature stress, increase the stress resistance of wheat, which is conducive to the formation of grain yield.
Key words: wheat; magnesium; high temperature stress; carbon and nitrogen metabolism; yield
目 录
摘要3
关键词3
Abstract3
Key words3
引言3
1材料与方法4
1.1试验设计 4
1.2测定项目与方法5
1.2.1产量和产量构成因素5
1.2.2光合参数5
1.2.3生理指标5
1.2.3.1氮含量、硝酸还原酶（NR）和谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活5
1.2.3.2蔗糖含量和可溶性糖含量 5
1.2.3.3蔗糖合成酶（SS）和蔗糖磷酸合成酶（SPS）5
2结果与分析6
2.1产量及产量构成因素 6
2.2光合特性6
2.3旗叶氮含量和氮代谢关键酶活性7
2.4旗叶可溶性总糖和蔗糖含量9
2.5 旗叶磷酸蔗糖合成酶（SPS）活性 10
2.6 籽粒蔗糖含量 11
2.7籽粒蔗糖合成酶（SS）活性11
3 讨论 12
3.1花后高温胁迫下镁对小麦产量的影响 12
3.2花后高温胁迫下镁对小麦光合的影响12
3.3花后高温胁迫下镁对小麦氮代谢的影响12
3.4 花后高温胁迫下镁对小麦碳代谢的影响13
3.5小结13
致谢14
参考文献14
高温胁迫下施镁对小麦碳氮代谢和产量的影响
全球气候系统变暖已不可逆转，IPCC(2013)第5次评估报告指出从1880-2012年全球平均温度已升温0.85℃，未来全球地表将持续升温[1]. 我国是一个气候资源不均、自然灾害频发的国家，近年来我国高温灾害发生的范围越来越大，频率越来越高，程度越来越重，对作物的危害越来越大，加之我国的增温幅度较全球平均水平高，所以这就使得我国高温灾害的形势更加复杂[2]。而小麦属喜凉作物，小麦灌浆的适宜温度为20～22℃，高于22℃就不利于灌浆，超过28℃基本停止。