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摘要：梨是我国第三大果树，但梨树对土壤养分利用较低，提高梨对土壤养分的高效利用是梨产业所面临的重要问题。丛枝菌根真菌是土壤中重要的微生物，它与寄主植物根系形成一种名为丛枝菌根的联合体，是自然界普遍存在的微生物-植物共生现象。这种共生关系绝大部分为互惠共生关系。大量实验证明，丛枝菌根真菌能改变宿主植物的营养，并且改良土壤结构。然而梨园中丛枝菌根真菌资源少见报道。我们以湖熟梨园的4个梨品种为材料，研究丛枝菌根的侵染情况、土壤理化条件对丛枝菌根真菌的影响，并通过分子生物学方法对丛枝菌根真菌进行鉴定。结果表明，四个品种梨根部均存在丛枝菌根真菌，有丛枝、泡囊、菌丝等结构。菌根侵染率为21 %~91 %。土壤有机质、碱解氮含量与菌根侵染率呈显著正相关，土壤速效磷含量与菌根侵染率没有显著相关关系。高通量测序结果表明，Acaulosporaceae、Gigasporaceae、Scutellosporaceae、Glomeraceae 四个属是梨根际优势的AM真菌群落。该研究结果为深入研究梨园丛枝菌根真菌资源和多样性提供了良好的基础。26635
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毕业论文关键词：梨，丛枝菌根真菌，理化条件，多样性
Research on the biopersity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in pear orchard
Abstract：Pear is the third largest fruit tree in our country, but pear trees on soil nutrient utilization is low. The efficient use of pear on soil nutrients is an important problem faced by pear industry. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi are important microorganisms in soil, Arbuscular mycorrhizae that is arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and the host plant roots in the soil formed a combo. In nature, it is a common phenomenon of microbial symbiosis - plants. Among them, this symbiotic relationship for the most part is mutual symbiotic relationship. A large number of studies have been widely confirmed that arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi can improve the nutritional status of plants the host and improve soil structure. The results showed that there were arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the roots of four varieties. There are branches, vesicles, hyphae and other structures. Mycorrhizal infection rate of 21 % to 91 %. There was a significant positive correlation between soil organic matter, available N content and mycorrhizal infection rate, and there was no significant correlation between available phosphorus content and mycorrhizal infection rate. High-throughput sequencing results showed that Acaulosporaceae, Gigasporaceae, Scutellosporaceae and Glomeraceae were the dominant AM fungal community of pear rhizosphere. The results of this study provide a good basis for further study of the resources and persity of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in pear orchards.
Key words: pear; arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi; physicochemical conditions; persity
引言 丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular mycorrhizal Fungi, AMF）属于球囊菌门（Glomeromycota）、球囊菌纲，是土壤中普遍存在的一类有益微生物。研究表明，在自然界植物群落中90% 以上的高等植物都能与 AM 真菌建立共生关系，从而形成菌根结构[1]。丛枝菌根（arbuscular mycorrhiza, AM）是土壤中最常见的一种内生菌根，原称泡囊-丛枝菌根（Vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza, VAM），宿主植物被其真菌菌丝体侵入后，其根部皮层的真菌菌丝体细胞泡囊状（vesicular）和丛枝状（arbuscular），因此而得名。研究发现，AM真菌都具有丛枝结构，但并非全都形成泡囊结构 [2]。所以，现在的研究学者称之为丛枝菌根。
目 录
摘要 3
关键词 3
Abstract 3
Key words 3
引言 3
1 实验材料与方法 5
1.1 实验材料 5
1.1.1 菌种 5