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    摘要：本研究利用超量表达灰飞虱CYP6AY3v2和CYP353D1v2基因的转基因果蝇，通过生物测定检测了CYP6AY3v2和CYP353D1v2过量表达对果蝇抗性的影响。结果表明：超量表达灰飞虱CYP6AY3v2的果蝇品系tub＞CYP6AY3v2对乙虫腈、灭多威和氟虫腈的抗药性都有提高，抗性倍数分别为3.17、4.01和1.45。超量表达灰飞虱CYP353D1v2的果蝇品系tub＞CYP353D1v2对乙虫腈和灭多威的抗药性都有提高，抗性倍数分别为2.22和7.22；但对氟虫腈的抗性没有提高。因此，灰飞虱CYP6AY3v2可能参与乙虫腈、灭多威和氟虫腈的解毒代谢；CYP353D1v2可能参与乙虫腈和灭多威的解毒代谢；此外，灰飞虱CYP6AY3v2和CYP353D1v2基因的过量表达是灰飞虱对多种杀虫剂产生交互抗性的机制之一。25559
    毕业论文关键词：转基因果蝇；杀虫剂；生物测定；敏感性
    Bioassay of transgenic Drosophila flies which systematically overexpressed CYP6AY3v2 and CYP353D1v2 genes of Laodelphax striatellus
    Abstract：In order to explore the function of genes CYP6AY3v2 and CYP353D1v2, the susceptibilities of transgenic flies (tub＞CYP6AY3v2 and tub＞CYP353D1v2) and the control flies (UAS-CYP6AY3v2, UAS-CYP353D1v2) to three insecticides (ethiprole ,methomly and fipronil) were determined by bioassay. Bioassay results showed that the transgenic flies (tub＞CYP6AY3v2) was more resistant to different concentrations of ethiprole ,methomly and fipronil than that of the control flies, and the resistance ratio was 3.17,4.05 and 1.45 respectively. The results also showed the resistances of transgenic flies (tub＞CYP353D1v2) was more resistant to different concentrations of ethiprole and methomly than that of the control flies, the resistance ratios were 2.22 and 7.22, respectively. While, the resistances of transgenic flies (tub＞CYP353D1v2) showed no senstivity differences to fipronil. Therefore, the up-regulation of expression levels of CYP6AY3v2 gene maybe was one of the mechanisms of ethiprole ,methomly and fipronil resisitance of SBPH. The up-regulation of expression levels of CYP353D1v2 gene maybe was one of the mechanisms of insecticide resisitance (ethiprole and methomly) to SBPH. In addition, the overexpression of the CYP6AY3v2 and CYP353D1v2 genes is one of the mechanisms of the resistance of the small brown planthopper to a variety of insecticides.
    Key words: transgenic Drosophila；pesticide；bioassay；sensitivity
    目  录

    摘要1
    关键词1
    Abstract1
    Key words1
    引言1
    1材料与方法2
    1.1供试果蝇品系2
    1.2果蝇的饲养2
    1.3供试农药2
    1.4杀虫剂配制3
    1．5农药生物测定方法3
    2结果与分析3
    2．1转灰飞虱CYP6AY3v2果蝇品系对不同杀虫剂的敏感性测定3
    2. 2转灰飞虱CYP353D1v2果蝇品系对不同杀虫剂的敏感性测定5
    3 讨论6
    致谢7
    参考文献7
    转灰飞虱CYP6AY3v2和CYP353D1v2基因果蝇的生物测定
    引言：灰飞虱（Laodelphax striatellus），属于半翅目飞虱科、灰飞虱属，广泛分布于从菲律宾至西伯利亚的亚洲稻区和欧洲的温带地区[1]。灰飞虱是一种寄主广泛、取食多样的昆虫，以取食小麦、大麦、水稻、玉米、谷子、高梁等多种禾本科植物为主[2]。由于化学杀虫剂的长期、大量不合理施用、滥用，导致灰飞虱对多种杀虫剂产生了抗药性[3]。
    昆虫对杀虫剂的抗性主要涉及表皮穿透速率降低，解毒代谢能力增强和靶标部位敏感性降低。灰飞虱对于杀虫剂的抗药性机理也同样包含以上的几个方面。由于昆虫对外界环境的长期适应，当杀虫剂通过昆虫的口腔、气门和体壁进入虫体后，昆虫可以通过体内一系列解毒酶将有毒、有害的化学物质氧化、还原、水解或结合后，降低其毒性，增强其水溶性，最后排出体外，从而达到解毒的目的[4]。其中多功能氧化酶系（MFOs）、酯酶（EST）和谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶（GSTs）起着关键性作用[5]。
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