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摘 要：黄曲霉的代谢产物黄曲霉毒素是已知最强致癌物之一。但目前仍缺乏经济、有效的措施来抑制黄曲霉的生长。化学防腐剂山梨酸钾是良好地酸性防腐剂。本实验研究了山梨酸钾抑制黄曲霉（Aspergillus flavus）生长的遗传学效应，旨在为防止花生等作物霉变提供参考资料。以黄曲霉孢子为实验材料，采用固体培养法，通过观察和测定黄曲霉孢子萌发的数量、菌落大小和色泽、菌丝生长变化情况及子代孢子的形态特征等，并采用SPSS 16.0统计软件对实验数据结果进行统计分析，研究防腐剂对黄曲霉后代孢子的萌发和菌丝生长的抑制作用。结果表明：山梨酸钾对黄曲霉生长虽然不具有遗传效应，但对其生长却有显著地抑制作用，且抑制作用随其浓度升高而增强，当山梨酸钾浓度为0.2 g/mL时，抑菌效果达到极显著且对黄曲霉具有显著地饰变效应；当山梨酸钾的浓度为1.0 g/mL时，对黄曲霉孢子后代萌发的抑制作用达到了90 %。综合考虑，山梨酸钾（≥1.0 g/mL）是抑制黄曲霉生长的一种较为安全、经济、方便而有效的抑菌剂。10835
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关键词：黄曲霉；山梨酸钾；抑菌作用；遗传学效应
Genetic Effects of Potassium Sorbate Inhibited The Growth of Aspergillus flavus
Abstract: Aflatoxin, metabolites of Aspergillus flavus, is one of most deadly known carcinogens. However, it is still lack of a reliable way to inhibit growth of Aspergillus flavus. Sodium benzoate as well as potassium sorbate is chemical preservatives widely used in food industry. This study is aimed to test the Genetic effects of potassium sorbate on the growth of Aspergillus flavus, which provided reference data for preventing peanut and other corps becoming mildewed in preservation process. Using Aspergillus flavus spores as experimental materials, which were cultured in solid culture medium; the germination number was counted, colony size were measured, colony color, the morphological characteristics of mycelium and the spores of offspring were observed, respectively; at last, the data got from above, was analyzed with SPSS 16.0 statistical software, which is to study the inhibitory effects of preservation on Aspergillus flavus spore and growth of the mycelium. The results showed that potassium sorbate significantly inhibit Aspergillus flavus, and the inhibitory effect was significantly related to the applied concentrations. When the concentration of potassium sorbate was achieved 0.2 g/mL, the inhibitory effect was reached significant level and the decorative effect change is showed significantly .But, the present study demonstrated that there is no genetic effects of potassium sorbate inhibited the growth of Aspergillus flavus. When the concentration was achieved with 1.0 g/mL of potassium sorbate, the inhibition of the offering germination of aflatoxin spore reached 90 %. At a given concentration, potassium sorbate(≥1.0 g/mL )is a more secure, more convenient and more effective fungistat to Aspergillus flavus.
Key Words：Aspergillus flavus；Potassium sorbate；Antibacterial Effect；Genetic Effects
目 录
摘 要 1
引 言 2
1 实验材料 3
1.1 时间与地点 3
1.2 实验材料、试剂和用品 3
1.3 实验仪器 3
2 实验方法 3
2.1 培养基的配制 3
2.2 倒平板 4
2.3 黄曲霉孢子悬液的制备 4
2.4 防腐剂的抑菌实验 4
2.5 实验数据统计方法 5
3 结果与分析 5
3.1 不同浓度山梨酸钾对黄曲霉孢子后代萌发的影响 5
3.2 不同浓度的山梨酸钾对黄曲霉孢子子代菌落生长影响 6