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摘要：铁路列车轴重不断提高的同时，也需要对相应的配件进行技术升级。从轴重23t到轴重30t，不仅意着载重量的提高，大到转向架，小到弹性元件，缓冲阻尼元件都必须进行技术升级，轴箱作为连接转向架与轮对的关键部件，不仅起承受和传递载荷的作用，而且对轮对轴承起保护作用，能够防止风沙、雨水、酸等腐蚀轴承于轮对部件。轴承箱相对于车辆来说是个活动部件，箱体的结构强度与性能对于铁道车辆运行来说至关重要。由于30t重载货车轴箱装置承受载荷非常大，而且直接承受来自轮对的冲击载荷与转向架的变化载荷，因此载荷情况复杂多变，失效形式多种多样，对机车车辆运行安全性影响极大。10381
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本论文介绍了我国及国际上重载货车轴箱运用情况，对30t重载货车轴承选型、运用相关理论计算轴承额定寿命与疲劳寿命，利用NX7.0建立轴承与车轴装配模型，通过轴承于车轴参数，选用合理的轴承箱尺寸，设计轴承箱三文模型并进行载荷校验，最后计算结果表明轴承选用合理，轴承箱载荷承受情况符合预期的要求。
关键词：双列圆锥滚动轴承；轴承箱；重载货车；三文建模；轴承寿命
Design and Analysis of overloaded truck axle box
Abstract: With the train load increasing, Appropriate accessories technology upgrading are necessary. From 23t to 30t of the axle load, it’s not only means load increased, but also the steering frame, elastic components, damping components must be carried out technical upgrade. The axle box is the key component for connecting the bogie and the wheel. Not only bear and transfer the role of load, but also to protect the wheel bearing, to prevent sand, rain, acid and other corrosive bearing on the wheel components. The bearing box is an active part relative to the vehicle, the structure strength and performance of the box is very important for the running of the railway vehicle. Due to the heavy truck of 30t axle box bearing load is very big, but also directly bear from wheel impact load and the steering rack load changes, so load is complex and changeable, failure in a variety of forms, has a great influence on the safety of vehicle operation of the locomotive.
This article introduces the application of the axle box in our country and the international heavy duty truck, the bearing selection and the use of the relevant theory to calculate the bearing rating life and the fatigue life of 30t heavy duty truck. Using nx7.0 bearing and axle assembly model is established, through the bearing to the axle parameters, selection of reasonable bearing box size, three-dimensional model of the design of bearing box and check load, the final results show that reasonable selection of bearings, bearing box load bearing in line with expectations.
Key word: Double row tapered roller bearings; Bearing box; Heavy haul freight car; 3D modeling; Bearing life
目录
1 绪论 1
1.1 重载货车发展概况及背景 1
1.2 重载货车轴承箱概述 2
1.3 重载铁路技术发展趋势 5
1.4 本课题的主要内容 5
1.5 本章小结 6
2 货车轴承的选型与计算 7
2.1 铁路运输轴承介绍 7
2.2 轴承的典型失效形式 7
2.3 轴承选型的意义 8
2.4 滚动轴承的计算准则 8
2.5 轴承的润滑与文护 9
2.5.1 润滑作用 9
2.5.2 润滑剂的选择 9
2.6 滚动轴承静强度计算 10
2.7 滚动轴承基本额定寿命计算 11
2.7.1 轴承当量动载荷计算 12
2.8 本章小结 14
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