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随着我国工业的发展，油料需求量日益增加，但由于石油紧缺及环境问题，运输成本越来越高，我国专用车用户迫切地希望专用汽车在减轻自重方面做出积极的努力。 本论文首先采用铝合金材料，按照 GB 18564.1-2006 要求，对一种油罐进行轻量化设计。然后利用ANSYS 软件，对罐体在设计压力下进行静力分析，分析时，为简化模型，根据罐体受力特性及良好的对称性，建立 1/4 模型，并将封头与单室单独分析，结果表明封头的倒角处应力最大，找到最大应力与倒角的关系。最后利用FLUENT 软件对罐车制动过程进行动力学分析，为提高计算效率，根据现有研究，只考虑封头和一个单室，并建立二文模型，采用 VOF模型模拟0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8、0.9，5种充液比下罐车制动过程中罐体内部液体晃动，对流固耦合问题进行仿真，并记录了压力最大点的压力变化。结果表明充液比越小，液体晃动越激烈，充液比越大，防波板对罐体保护作用越明显，发现罐体在充液比为 0.5 和0.8时需加额外的保护。 9601
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关键词 罐体 力学分析 VOF 模型 液体晃动 流固耦合
Title Light-weight design & mechanical analysis of the vehicle storage tanks
Abstract
With the development of our country’s industry, the oil demand is
increasing. However, due to shortage of oil and environmental issues,
transportation costs are higher and higher, special-purpose vehicles users
are urgent to make active efforts to reduce the vehicles’ weight.
In this paper, firstly, based on an idea of light-weight, one kind of oil
tank is designed with aluminum alloy, according to GB 18564.1-2006. Then
a model that is one quarter of the tank is built to simplify static analysis,
according to the force characteristics and good symmetry of the oil tank.
The head and compartment in condition of design pressure is conducted
static analysis independently with ANSYS. The results show that the maximum
stress is on the chamfer, and the relationship between the size of the
chamfer and the maximum stress is found. At last, the dynamics analysis
of the tank truck in breaking process is conducted with FLUENT. 2D model
with the head and only one compartment is built to improve computational
efficiency according to modern researches. The liquid sloshing and
problems of FSI are simulated by VOF model for five liquid filling ratios
from 0.5 to 0.9, and the curve of the maximum pressure is reported. The
results show that the smaller of the ratio, the more fierce of liquid
sloshing, and the greater of the ratio, the more obvious of baffles’
protective effect on the tank. What is more important is that the tank in
condition of liquid filling ratios 0.5 and 0.8 must has additional
protections. Keywords tank mechanical analysis VOF model liquid sloshing FSI
目 次
1 绪论„1
1.1 研究意义„„1
1.2 国内外研究现状概述1
1.3 本课题研究内容、拟采用的研究手段„„6
2 罐体结构设计7
2.1 罐体材质的选择„„7
2.2 罐体设计„„7
2.3 罐体总体结构方案设计„„8
2.4 加工技术要求„„9