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主要化学反应方程式如下：
安全操作注意事项：中间体对氨基苯酚具有毒性，接触皮肤后易引起湿疹，应使用防护用具，避免直接接触。酰化剂冰醋酸，具有腐蚀性，刺激上呼吸道，蒸汽有毒，且易燃，应注意通风，避免接触，不慎接触应用水冲洗。
Design Specification
1 Basis of Design
According to the data abstract of factory operation, we design to produce 900 tons paracetamols one year. The paracetamol’s purity is 99.7% and its total yield is 88.47%. Because each workshop section works intermittently, we must consider the transform rate at each section. The conversion rate of acylate is 90.00%, refine 98.80%, dryness 99.50%. This desingn is according to producing 330 days of each year and 24 hours operation.
2 Principles of Design
Advanced technology, reasonable economical input ,waste water、waste gas and waste solid disposal are always typical topic.
(1) Design project including simple process, contracted equipment, convenient control and good quality product was first considered.
(2) Low cost ( cost in investment and maintenance) and high efficient process must be considered.
(3) Considering raw material resources and plant scale. The source should be sufficient, convenient and low cost.
(4) Understanding the physical and chemical properties of raw materials, intermediated and products.
3 Technical Introduction
Acetaminophel, shortly named as APAP, is an ordorless white crystalline powder with slight bitter taste. It’s density is 1.293g/cm3 and m.p. is 169-170.5℃. Acetaminophen can be dissolved in organic solvents such as methanol, acetone, ethyl acetate etc. and hot water, but it can hardly be dissolved in cold water and ethyl ether.
The paracetamol is kind allaying a fever the analgesia medicines, it is the ramification of acetyl aniline, and the action is slowly but enduring. Since the fact that it is vast that such is usied, more a moment arouse the stomach and bowel road by-effect, cause that such sales made is very great, hence it is also very much significant to such the person who synthetises research..
There’re a lot of paracetamol compounding means and most of them has been introduced in the paper. In my paper the method which I chose is the two paces of synthesis method, firstly we should make up the preparation for aminophenol then we can get the acetaminophen by the acylation、crystallization and drying to the aminophenol we got. All the methods of compounding acetaminophen depend on the preparation for aminophenol. Nitro phenol is a kind of cheap industry raw material, we choose it for its saving energy、less production、higher product yield,、reducing environmental pollution and low production costs. All the advantage above can meet the shortage of raw material and the high requirement of environment protection. This method has such a great practical effect that can accomplish fine industrial producing technology.
4 Production Method Summarization
From the literature review of the information available, this design synthesis process by the shortest route of raw materials to production, investment minimum, pollution and small. This design mainly involves three main steps: acylation, refining and dry. The following is the details.The production way of the design describes simply as follows: Through the high position trough by the acid mother solution, thick acetic acid, recovery sour is place into the get materials ready in the right proportion pan with scarce acetic acid , agitate secondly , the get materials ready in the right proportion pan shall be put in with reproducing acid mother's crystalline substance to amino phenol , going to steam heats till the stuff fluid temperature 90 ℃ left and right sides, acyl 7~8h, acyl end; Accede to in the cooling pan scarce sour earlier, afterwards anticipate the acyl that the hydraulic pressure enteres the cooling pan in the pan, going to the cooling water becomes cool,wait to anticipate that the fluid temperature drops till 20 ℃ left and right sides, shall anticipate that the fluid is place into the centrifuge swining to filter, the mother solution is gathered applying mechanically, the wide product in the way of the tap water do not dash till there is not acidity,washing fluid throws away, wide product barrels packing tumble-drying, call severely, send the refinement a section of a construction project；Being living to dissolve in the pan accedes to ration water, mingleing suit to heat till boils, agitate reacing down into the wide product, crystalline substance enrich, prostitute, deal with the crystal to dissolve queen , plusing the active carbon decolourizes , heats to seethe 10~15 minute；The stuff in the meltage boiler filtrates and compresses through the filter with the steam.；After cool the crystal to about 20℃, put the stuff into the centrifuge to filtrate, disconcentrates extract original solution, wash the extract crystal with distilled water,barrel it after the extract crystal is dry.Then deliver it to desiccation,so we get the purifier production.The key in the crouse of producing is three parts:the concentrate of the original acid solution, the recycle of the thin acetum, the concentrate of the extract original solution.