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摘要为研究结晶状亚硝酸钠在不同条件下对硝酸铵热稳定性的影响，先使用差示扫描量热仪（DSC）分别对硝酸铵及硝酸铵与亚硝酸钠混合体系的热分解过程进行研究；然后对硝酸铵与亚硝酸钠混合体系进行慢烤试验，试验升温速率固定为3℃/h；最后根据慢烤试验所得结果对硝酸铵与亚硝酸钠混合体系进行一系列的恒温试验。25205
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纯硝酸铵与硝酸铵、亚硝酸钠等比例混合体系在小当量的DSC试验中平均起始热分解温度分别为216.54℃和103.94℃；20g硝酸铵在恒定升温速率条件下，分别与1g、2g、3g、4g、5g结晶状亚硝酸钠混合体系进行慢烤试验，结果表明，硝酸铵中加入的亚硝酸钠越多，体系的起始自加速分解温度越低；300g硝酸铵与10g亚硝酸钠混合体系分别在38℃、39℃、43℃和49℃的环境温度下进行24小时的恒温试验，其中在49℃的环境温度下样品出现了明显的分解放热现象。由此可知，300g硝酸铵与10g亚硝酸钠混合物的起始分解温度在43℃至49℃之间。
关键词： 硝酸铵、亚硝酸钠、热稳定性、慢烤、杜瓦瓶实验
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Study on the thermal stability of ammonium nitrate mixed with the crystalline sodium nitrite
Abstract
In order to study the influence of the crystalline sodium nitrite on thermal stability of ammonium nitrate (AN) in different conditions, Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) was used to investigate the thermal decomposition of AN and the mixture of AN & sodium nitrite. Then, the slow cook-off experiments were performed to test AN and AN sodium nitrite mixture with a constant heating rate of 3℃/h. At last, according to the slow cook-off test results, a series of Dewar calorimetry under a constant surrounding temperature were carried out.
DSC results showed, the average initial decomposition temperature of AN was 216.54 °C and that of the mixture of AN & sodium nitrite was103.94 °C. 20g of ammonium nitrate and its mixture with 1g, 2g, 3g, 4g and 5g of the crystalline sodium nitrite were tested by slow cook-off experiment. The results indicated that more proportion of sodium nitrite added to AN resulted in a lower initial decomposition temperature of the mixture. 300g of AN mixed with 10g of sodium nitrite were tested by Deway calorimetry in 24 hours under the constant surrounding temperature of 38℃、39℃、43℃ and 49℃. The test results showed there was a obvious thermal decomposition occurred under the surrounding temperature of 49℃. Then the critical temperature for the mixture of 300g AN and 10g sodium nitrite was thought as between 43℃ and 49℃.
Keywords ammonium nitrate, sodium nitrite, thermal stability, slow cook-off, Dewar calorimetry
目 次
1 引言 1
1.1 研究意义和应用前景 1
1.2 国内外研究现状 1
1.2.1 硝酸铵的理化性质及相关研究 1
1.2.2 硝酸铵的热分解研究现状 1
1.2.3 各类物质对硝酸铵热分解的影响 3
1.2.4 在物质热稳定性研究中绝热实验装置的应用 4
1.3 本文主要研究内容 4
2 硝酸铵及与结晶亚硝酸钠混合物的DSC测试 6
2.1 硝酸铵与结晶亚硝酸钠的DSC试验目的 6
2.2 DSC测试原理 6
2.3 试验仪器与测试条件 6
2.4 试剂 7
2.5 DSC试验结果与讨论 8