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摘要：自宋代以来，文人画的发展使得绘画从追求形似到意境为上，意境是中国画的灵魂，理应被重视。一般来说，花鸟、山水中意境在画面中显而易见，其实，写意人物画其意境与山水、花鸟画是一样的。水墨意境作为笔墨和情感的融合，表现于纸上就是点、线、面的千变万化，但是这种变化是形式，它的变化是根据画者内心的表现。杨振廷老师在《现代水墨人物画的精神表达》一文中说，承袭古人的绘画程式,哪怕“功夫”再深也不能担负起真正艺术品创作的责任,真正的艺术品是应有独创性,有自我情感、内在精神的艺术品。这就是当代写意人物能够继续发展之根本。意境的表现需要情感，需要一笔一墨，更需要画面的整体处理。其中，构成因素是非常重要的，构成一词源于西方，中国画讲“置陈布势”、“章法”、“布局”，二者是统一的。讲构成因素是因为有现代感。除了发扬优秀绘画传统，现代水墨人物画也应当吸取西方的构成、造型等表现因素，更能表现现代水墨人物画的形与神。32669
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毕业论文关键词：水墨人物 构成因素 意境
Analysis on the elements of construction of modern ink painting to describe characters
Abstract: since the song dynasty, the development of the literati paintings painting from the pursuit of shape to the artistic conception, artistic conception is the soul of Chinese painting, should be regarded. In general, birds and flowers, landscape artistic conception in the picture is obvious, in fact, freehand brushwork figure painting the artistic conception is the same with landscape, flowers and birds painting. Ink as ink and the combination of emotion, artistic conception expression in paper kaleidoscope is dot, line, surface, but this kind of change is, the change of it is according to the inner, teacher's performance. Yang Zhenting teachers in the context of "the spirit of the modern ink figure painting express", says from the ancients of the drawing program, even if "kung fu" deep again also cannot shoulder the responsibility of the real work of art creation, should be the real art is originality, have self emotion, inner spiritual works of art. This is the foundation of the development of the contemporary brushwork figure can continue. The performance of the artistic conception need emotion, a pen and ink, need more overall picture processing. Among them, the factors are very important, the word comes from the west, traditional Chinese painting "fuse" Chen, "rhyme", "layout", the two are unified. Speak factors because of contemporary feeling. In addition to carry forward the tradition of painting, modern ink figure painting should also absorb western composition, performance factors, such as shape of more modern ink painting with god in the shape of figure painting.
Keywords: figures in ink painting elements of construction artistic conception
一、传统水墨人物中的构成因素
人物画早在原始社会岩画中就有出现，大多为记录当时的生活、劳作、捕猎或者祭祀的场景，它让我们了解到当时的人类活动，这个时候的人物画记录传递信息的作用更加大一些。春秋战国时期的百家争鸣现象促进了人物画第一个成为一种独立画科，湖南长沙出土的《人物御龙图》就是当时的代表作品，这时的人物画已经有了初步的情感思想与客观形象的融合。宋代梁楷《泼墨仙人图》的出现使减笔人物画也就是写意人物开始盛行，只不过“减笔”减去了笔墨却没有减去画作的意境，甚至更能够表现出画者的情感。意境作为笔墨和情感的融合，虽然笔墨更加简练，所表达的情感却更加直接，意境的表达也更为强烈，这也说明对于意境的表达不是根据笔墨的多少。根据西方平面构成理论，笔墨即点、线、面，是平面中的主要构成因素，减笔画出现证明了绘画中构成因素的多少不是关键，合理的组合运用才是完成一张佳作的正确途径。