无机-有机复合膜的原位制备及性能研究

菜单

摘要本论文首先将氧氯化锆（ZrOCl2•8H2O）超声溶解于二甲基甲酰胺中，通过阴离子交换得到均一、透明锆溶胶。再将聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）及聚乙烯吡咯烷酮（PVP）加入锆溶胶中，得到铸膜液，通过相转化法制备一系列不同ZrO2含量的PVDF/ZrO2杂化膜。分别通过X射线能谱分析仪(XPS)、扫描电镜(SEM)、粘度计和紫外分光光度计对膜的组成、形态结构和铸膜液的粘度及分相速度进行表征，并对成膜机理进行了分析。XPS结果表明锆粒子已经成功引入PVDF复合膜中；SEM显示复合膜截面为指状结构，孔洞呈先增大后减小的趋势；随着锆含量的增加，铸膜液的粘度随之增大，分相速率则先增大后减小。最后，通过超滤实验考察了膜的通量和截留率，通过BSA抗污染实验考察了膜的抗污染性能。结果表明Zr-PVDF超滤膜比纯PVDF超滤膜具有更好的亲水性与抗污染性。10102
关键词 PVDF 杂化膜阴离子交换锆溶胶毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title   In-situ preparation and characterization   of inorganic-organic compound membrane
        Abstract A transparent homogeneous zirconium sol was obtained by anion exchange in dimethyl formamide(DMF) containing zirconium oxychloride particles. Then polyvinylidene fluoride(PVDF) and polyvinyl pyrrolidone(PVP) was added to the zirconium sol. A series of PVDF hybrid membranes with different amounts of zirconia were prepared by phase inversion from a PVDF/Zr casting solution where the zirconia was well dispersed. Compositions, cross-section of the membrane, viscosity and demixing rate of casting solution were characterized by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy(XPS), Scanning Electron Microscopy(SEM), Viscosity Meter and UV-VIS, respectively. XPS showed the success of introducing the zirconium. SEM showed the cross-section of the composite membranes revealing finger-like structure,and the the size of pores first increased and then decreased after adding the zirconia particles. The viscosity increased and demixing rate first increased and then decreased with the additive amount of zirconium oxychloride. Finally, both ultrafiltration and BSA fouling resistance experiments were conducted to evaluate the water flux, retention rate and anti-fouling property. All the experimental results indicated that the composite PVDF ultrafiltration membranes demonstrate better separation performance over the pure PVDF membranes.
Keywords PVDF hybird membrane anion exchange Zr-sol
目   次
1 绪论   1
1.1 膜分离技术   1
1.2 高性能膜材料   1
1.3 聚偏氟乙烯（PVDF）膜   2
1.3.1 聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)概述   2
1.3.2 聚偏氟乙烯(PVDF)膜的亲水化改性   3
1.4 本课题的目的和意义   5
1.5 本课题的主要工作   6
2 实验部分   7
2.1 实验试剂与药品   7
2.2 实验设备   7
2.3 PVDF/ZrO2杂化膜的制备   8
2.4 PVDF/ZrO2杂化膜的表征   9
2.4.1 铸膜液粘度分析   9
2.4.2 膜分相速率分析   9
2.4.3 膜孔形态结构分析   10
2.4.4 纯水通量测定   10
2.4.5 膜组成分析   10
2.4.6 吸水率测定   11
2.4.7 膜抗污染性能测定   11
2.4.8 膜截留率分析   11
3 结果与分析   12
3.1 铸膜液性质   12