摘要生物入侵已对入侵区的生物多样性、农业生产和人类健康造成了巨大的影响,成为21世纪5大全球性问题之一。加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)原产于北美,现已成为一种世界性的入侵性杂草,并蔓延入中国,尤其是华东地区造成了严重的危害。本文通过对杭州市郊加拿大一枝黄花入侵群落的样地调查,分析比较了各个样地α多样性指数、加拿大一枝黄花重要值与多样性指数之间的相关性以及加拿大一枝黄花入侵样地之间的相似性,对照样地、入侵样地以及加拿大一枝黄花入侵样地之间的生物多样性联系。结果表明:(1)加拿大一枝黄花入侵的群落,随着优势度升高,多样性指数呈下降趋势,其入侵程度对群落物种多样性具有负面影响;(2)加拿大一枝黄花入侵样地的入侵程度高于其他入侵样地;(3)加拿大一枝黄花入侵样地之间存在较大差异,表明加拿大一枝黄花生存地空间异质性较大,适宜于多种类型生境中生存。44294
Abstract Biological invasion has been made a great impress on the biopersity of local, agricultural production, and human health, which is one of the global issues in 21 century. Solidago Canadensis provenance in north American, but now, it has become a cosmopolitan invasiveness weed, and extend China now. Especially in Eastern China. By researching the sample plot invade by Solidago Canadensis in Hangzhou suburb; comparing α persity index from every sample plot the correlation between importance value and persity index; the similarity of the sample plot invested by Solidago Canadensis; biopersity relation of compare sample plot, invade sample plot and Solidago Canadensis invade sample plot. The results show that (1)The community invaded by Solidago Canadensis, with the rise of coverage, its persity index declined. The degree of invasion has an adverse impact on Community species persity; (2) The degree of invasion of Solidago Canadensis invade sample plot is higher than others; (3) There is a lot of difference between Solidago Canadensis invade sample plots, which proved that the spatital heterogeneity of Solidago Canadensis is huge, it can survival in many kinds of habitat.
毕业论文关键词:生物入侵; 加拿大一枝黄花; 生物多样性; 比较研究
Keyword: Biological invasion; Solidago Canadensis; Biopersity; Compareing research
目 录
引言··4
1.研究方法4
1.1样地设置··4
1.2重要值计算5
1.3群落物种多样性分析5
1.3.1α多样性分析·5
1.3.2物种丰富度分析(S)··5
1.3.3群落相似性比较··5
1.3.4相关统计和绘图软件··5
2.结果···5
2.1群落组成分析··5
2.2物种多样性析··6
2.3物种丰富度分析7
2.4加拿大一枝黄花对其入侵样地物种多样性的影响7
2.5群落相似性分析8
2.6对入侵样地生物多样性指数比较··8
3.讨论9
3.1入侵程度对群落生物多样性的影响9
3.2加拿大一枝黄花入侵地分析··9
引言
加拿大一枝黄花(Solidago canadensis)为菊科(Asteraceae)一枝黄花属(Solidago)多年生草本植物,原产于北美洲,具有植株高大、生长迅速、繁殖能力强等特点。[1-3]20世纪30年代,加拿大一枝黄花引入中国,20世纪80年代以来,逐步蔓延发展成为中国尤其是华东地区重要的外来恶性杂草[4]。由于加拿大一枝黄花具有种子数量多,可利用根状茎繁殖,以及机械损伤能够刺激其产生更多繁殖体的特点,人类活动往往会增加它的繁殖和扩散能力[15,16]。在中国外来入侵植物的风险评价研究中,加拿大一枝黄花入侵风险被评定为为4级,风险指数大于70分,属于风险最高的级别。[18]