摘要在浙江省景宁望东垟高山湿地自然保护区建立1 hm2样地和全面调查基础上,对样地植物群落中的物种组成和区系成分等进行了分析,结果表明:(1)该区共有维管束植物34科50属55种,其中蕨类植物2科2属2种,裸子植物1科1属1种,被子植物31科46属52种。(2)植物区系地理成分丰富,科的分布区类型以世界分布最多,有18科(占52.94%),温带分布的科(9科)略多于热带分布的科(7科);属的分布区类型以世界分布最多,有14属(占28%),泛热带分布次之,有9属(占18%),热带分布与温带分布的属几乎相当;种的分布区类型以东亚分布最多,有42种(占76.36%),北温带分布和中国特有分布次之,均含8种。(3)该湿地群落各层次的代表种类明显,木本植物中以圆锥绣球Hydrangea paniculata和江南桤木Alnus trabeculosa(幼树)为优势种,草本植物中以山类芦Neyraudia montana和平颖柳叶箬Isachne truncata为优势种。在垂直结构中,乔木层因砍伐而缺乏,草本层物种的丰富度明显大于灌木层,多样性指数略高于灌木层。43912
Abstract Based on investigation and statistical analyses from the simple plot(1 hm2) , the flora of Wangdongyang Alpine wetland in Jingning in Zhejiang Province is studied in the present paper. The results showed that there are 55 species, belong to 50 genera in 34 families are in this reserve totally,It includes 2 species,1 genera and 1 family of pteridophyta, 1 specie,1 genera and 1 family of gymnosperm and 52 species,46 genera and 31 family of spermatophyte. The floristic composition is rich. At family level, the proportion of the cosmoplitan type which contains 18 species is bigger than others and reaches 52.94%, the temperate elements are more than tropic ones(9/7). At genus level, the cosmoplitan type is 28% and the pantropic type is 20 %. It is almost equivalent between the tropic elements and the temperate ones. At species level, the East Asia type reaches 76.36%, much bigger China type and north temperate type. In the wetland, Hydrangea paniculata and Alnus trabeculosa are the dominant and constructive species of woody plants, Neyraudia montana and Isachne truncata are the key species of herbaccous plants. In the aspect of vertical structure, because of deforestation, the wetland lacks arbor layer, besides, shrub layer’s species richness is bigger than herbage layer’s, and it’s persity index is slightly bigger than herbage layer’s.
毕业论文关键词:望东垟高山湿地; 植物群落; 植物区系; 样地
Keyword: Wangdongyang Alpine wetland; Plant’s community; Flora; Plot
目 录
1.研究方法4
1.1自然概况4
1.2研究方法4
1.2.1样地设置·4
1.2.2调查内容·4
1.2.3数据处理与分析4
2.结果分析5
2.1物种组成及优势度5
2.1.1物种组成·5
2.1.2优势种分析6
2.2群落的垂直结构·6
2.3群落的区系分析·7
2.3.1科的分析·7
2.3.1.1科的大小分析7
2.3.1.2科的地理成分7
2.3.2属的分析·8
2.3.2.1属的大小分析8
2.3.2.2属的地理成分8
2.3.3种的分析·8
2.3.3.1非中国特有种分析8
2.3.3.1.1世界分布·8
2.3.3.1.2热带分布·8
2.3.3.1.3温带分布·9
2.3.3.2中国特有种分析·9
3.结论9
3.1植物种类丰富,分层明显·9
3.2物种多样性丰富·9
3.3热带北缘区系性质,华东南缘山地类型·10
湿地是指天然或人工,长久或暂时性沼泽地、泥碳地或水域地带,带有或静止或流动、或为淡水、半咸水或咸水水体者,包括低潮时水深深渡不超过6 m的水域[1]。据不完全统计,全球现有湿地面积达8.6×106 hm2,约占地球总表面积的6%[2~5]。鉴于湿地的地域性比较特别,所以它在物种的多样性和系统的脆弱性、功能的特殊性[6~10]等方面与其他生态系统差别较大。我国湿地研究工作开展时间较短,近些年来主要集中在沼泽和海岸带滩涂资源的调查和开发利用保护上,对于远离城市的分布相对较少的高海拔森林湿地研究甚少[11]。