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摘要：广义栎属植物是北半球森林的重要建群种，但是其细胞学及核型尚无系统研究。本次研究我们对5种青冈亚属（subg. Cyclobalanopsis）、5种栎亚属（subg. Quercus）及2种石栎属（Lithocarpus）植物的细胞核型进行了分析。结果表明，本次论文研究涉及的12种植物的染色体均为2n=24。Q. pungens的核型为24m，其余11种均为8sm+16m。青冈亚属中除滇青冈核型为2A外，其余均为2B类型。栎亚属中除Q. pungens为1A外，其余均为2B类型。石栎属两种均为2A类型。三个属在平均臂比、平均着丝点和核型不对称系数上均相似。在最长/最短染色体这一数据上，可以看出国产广义栎属10种较为一致，并与石栎属两种具有明显差异。研究结果显示三个属和亚属的植物在遗传上均较保守，并且青冈亚属与栎亚属染色体形态最为接近，亲缘关系更为接近。实验结果支持青冈亚属和栎亚属原本为同一个属的观点。6704
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关键词：壳斗科；细胞学；核型分析；染色体
Preliminary Cytological study of Quercus s.l.
Abstract: Quercus s.l. is an important edificators in forests throughout the northern hemisphere, but there is no systematic cytological and karyotype study on these species. In this paper, detailed karyotype analyses of five species of Quercus subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, five species of subgenus Quercus and two species of Lithocarpus were examined. Chromosome number of all the species investigated is 2n=24. The karyotype of all these species is 8sm+16m except Q. pungens, which is 24m (Levan system). All are 2B (Stebbins system) except Q. Glaucoides in subgenus Cyclobalanopsis, which is 2A; except Q. pungens in subgenus Quercus, which is 1A. And two species of Lithocarpus are 2A. The chromosome number of Lithocarpus and Quercus are conserve (all 2n=24) and the karyotypes of 2 are similar in the average arm ratio, centromeric index and intrachromosomic asymmetry index. The longest/shortest chromosome ratios of 10 species within Quercus s.l. are very similar, but are significantly different to that of the two species of Lithocarpus. The karyotypes of subgenus Quercus and subgenus Cyclobalanopsis are very similar, which indicated the closer genetic relationship comparing to other genus of Fagaceae. These results support the morphological study of Quercus s.l. that subgenus Cyclobalanopsis were subgeneric taxon of Quercus.
Keywords：Fagaceae；cytological；karyotype analysis；chromosome
目 录
1 绪论 1
1.1 广义栎属的概念 1
1.2 细胞学研究意义 1
1.3 国内外对于国产栎属植物核型研究的概况及必要性 1
1.4 本研究涉及的广义栎属与石栎属植物的形态学及产地分布资料[1] 2
1.4.1滇青冈（Quercus schottkyana Rehd .et. Wils.） 2
1.4.2多脉青冈（Q. glauca Thunb.） 2
1.4.3 栎子青冈（Q. blakei Skan） 2
1.4.4 曼青冈（Q. oxyodon Miq.） 3
1.4.5 毛叶青冈（Q. kerrii Craib） 3
1.4.6 槲栎（Q. aliena Bl.） 3
1.4.7 乌冈栎 （Q. phillyraeoides A.Gray） 3
1.4.8 岩栎（Q. acrodonta Seem.） 4
1.4.9 光叶石栎（L. mairei Schott.） 4
1.4.10 硬斗石栎（L. hancei Benth.） 4
2 材料与方法 5
2.1 材料 5
2.2 预处理液 5
2.3 染色体制片 5
2.3.1 材料培养 5
2.3.2 预处理 5
2.3.3 固定 5
2.3.4 解离 5