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摘要：旨在探讨园林彩叶植物叶彩色的成因，为彩叶植物生物学研究提供参考资料。通过徒手切片和石蜡切片，在显微镜下观察了红枫、红叶碧桃、红叶李等11种彩叶园林植物彩色叶片的组织和细胞的特征。结果表明，红枫、红叶李、红叶碧桃、红叶石楠、紫叶小檗、紫鸭跖草的叶片红色或近红色是因为叶片细胞含红色花青素；银边吊兰、金边虎尾兰、金边黄杨、洒金桃叶珊瑚的叶片非绿色而近黄色或近白色斑纹是因为叶片对应区域细胞缺少叶绿素或含一定类胡萝卜素；广玉兰的叶片下面呈现锈褐色是因为表皮毛含锈褐色物质。另外，红叶中含红色花青素细胞的部位、样式、密度以及细胞中红色花青素的量也不同。不同类型或不同种类的彩叶植物，其叶片彩色在组织细胞上的成因不同。徒手切片是适合观察彩色叶组织和细胞特征的方法，而石蜡切片不适合。39590
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毕业论文关键词：园林植物；彩叶；叶色；组织；细胞；花青素；类胡萝卜素；表皮毛
Anatomical Characteristics of the Leaf Color of 11 Kinds of Colorful Plants
Abstract:To investigate the cause of formation of the leaf colors of the color-leafed plants and provide new reference material for the research in biology of the color-leafed plants. By freehand section and paraffin section, and under the microscope, the characteristics of tissues and cells of leaves of 11 kinds of color-leafed plants were observed, such as Acer palmatum 'atropurpureum', Amygdalus persica f. Atropurpurea, Prunus Cerasifera f. atropurpurea. The results showed that the leaves of Acer palmatum 'atropurpureum', Amygdalus persica f. atropurpurea, Prunus Cerasifera f. atropurpurea, Photinia ×fraseria, Berberis thunbergii ‘atropurpurea’ and Setcreasea purpurea became red or about red, because that the cells in the leaves contain anthocyanin. The leaf color is close to yellow or white with various markings, because their cells contain some carotenoids or lack chlorophyll, such as Chlorephytum capense var. variegatum, Sansevieria trifasciata var. laurentii, Euonymus japonicus f. aureo-marginatus, Aucuba japonica var. variegata. The leaves of Magnolia grandiflora become rusty brown, because the leaves have the epidermal hairs including rusty brown substance. In addition, the read cells including tanthocyanin are different in position、style and density, and have a different amont of tanthocyanin in the red leaves. In a conclusion, different types or different kinds of the leaf colors of the color-leafed plants form in different tissues and cells. The free-hand section method is suitable to observe the characteristics of the tissues and cells, but the paraffin section method is not.
Keywords: Garden plant; Colored Leaf; Leaf color; Tissue; Cell; Anthocyanin; Carotenoid; Epidermal hair
目录
引言 1
1.材料与方法 2
1.1实验时间与地点 2
1.2实验材料与来源 2
1.3实验方法 3
2.结果和分析 5
2.1红枫 5
2.2红叶李 5
2.3红叶碧桃 6
2.4红叶石楠 7
2.5紫叶小檗 8
2.6紫鸭跖草 8
2.7银边吊兰 9
2.8金边虎尾兰 10
2.9金边黄杨 10
2.10洒金桃叶珊瑚 11
2.11广玉兰 12
3.讨论 12
致谢 14
参考文献 14
引言
广义上来说，彩叶植物是指叶片在一般生长季候里能稳定呈现出非绿色的植物，但狭义上来说则不包括秋色叶植物[1]。彩叶植物有多种分类方式，例如按季节可分为常色叶类、春色叶类以及秋色叶类；按色素分布可分为单色叶类、双色叶类、彩脉类、花叶类以及镶边类[2]。