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摘要我国是农药使用的大国，大量使用的难降解的农药在土壤中会不断积累，残留农药经过植物进入食物链后最终在人体内富集，给人类造成严重的危害。目前我国受残留农药污染的土地面积大，传统的化学处理方法费用高且会造成新的污染，农药在环境中的残留及降解是全世界普遍关注的问题。
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马拉硫磷又名四零四九，属低毒杀虫剂，在农业生产中普遍使用，近年来马拉硫磷的产量和使用量剧增，引发的环境问题令人担忧。而我国是马拉硫磷生产和使用大国,由于此农药使用范围广、使用数量多,加上本身水溶性相比较大的特点,现已对不同地区土壤与水造成了污染。基于对人类健康和环境的威胁,马拉硫磷在环境中的残留分析和降解研究,具有实际应用价值。
论文研究内容：25745
从大豆中提取一种乙酰酯酶，可以用酯酶被抑制来表示马拉硫磷的含量。论文研究合成4-甲基伞形酮乙酯，此化合物可被大豆酯乙酰酯酶酶解，媒介产物可以在紫外光下显蓝色荧光，从而可以定性或定量的检测大豆乙酰酯酶酶活；利用对硝基苯酯和4-甲基伞形酮乙酯对分离得到的大豆乙酰酯酶进行表征；从可能的含菌土壤和污水中，用摇瓶富集法筛选并分离得到了可降解马拉硫磷的菌种；对得到的的马拉硫磷降解菌进行初步鉴定，筛选出降解能力较强的菌株。
关键词：马拉硫磷，细菌，大豆酯酶，对硝基苯酯，4-甲基伞形酮乙酯
毕业设计说明书（毕业论文）外文摘要
Title Screening of strains which have the ability of malathion degradation
Abstract:
Our country is a big country of pesticides used in refractory heavy use of pesticides in soil will continue to accumulate after the plant pesticide residues in the human body eventually enter the food chain enrichment, causing serious harm to humans. At present, China by pesticide pollution of land area, the traditional chemical treatment methods costly and will cause new pollution, and degradation of pesticide residues in the environment is a matter of common concern around the world.
Malathion known four thousand and forty-nine, low toxicity pesticides, widely used in agricultural production in recent years, production and use of malathion's surge, the environmental problems caused concern. In China, production and use of malathion is a big country, due to the wide range of this pesticide use and number to use, coupled with its large compared to the characteristics of the water-soluble, has been on soil and water pollution caused by the different regions. Based on threats to human health and the environment, analysis and degradation of residual malathion in the environment, it has practical value.
Thesis research content：A acetylesterase extract from soybeans, can be used to represent the content esterase inhibition malathion. Thesis Synthesis of 4-methylumbelliferyl ethyl ester This compound can be soybean acetylesterase digested media product can be significantly blue fluorescence under ultraviolet light, which can qualitatively or quantitatively detect soybean acetylesterase activity ; the use of p-nitrophenyl ester and 4-methylumbelliferone ester of isolated soy acetylesterase characterization; possible bacteria from soil and waste water, with shaking enrichment that can be screened and isolated malathion degradation bacteria; malathion degrading bacteria obtained preliminary identification screened degradation ability of strain.
Keywords crosslinking block polymerization anion-exchange membrane fuel cell poly ether sulfone
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 马拉硫磷 1
1.2农药的降解 2
1.3农药残留检测方法 3
1.4酶的提取纯化技术 3