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摘要摩托车减震器是摩托车悬架和车轮连接的柔性环节，起到缓冲、隔振、吸能的作用。减震器的技术要求包括阻尼特性、速度特性、温度特性、静摩擦力和静负荷特性等。在最新制定的行业标准QC/T62—2007《摩托车轻便摩托车减震器技术条件和试验方法》中新增了包括静负荷特性在内的一些技术要求。静负荷特性由空气弹簧特性(空气力)、减振弹簧静特性(弹簧力)、静摩擦力、液压力4种力合成，对于摩托车减震器包括使用寿命在内的内在特性有着重要的影响，在减震器试制阶段尤为重要。故本文旨在通过设计一试验台来实现对摩托车减震器的静负荷特性测量。51264
首先，本文研究了摩托车减震器的分类、结构和工作原理。其次，本文通过对比机械、液压和气压三种传动的优缺点，选择了机械驱动方案，并设计了减速电机——同步带传动——丝杠螺母传动三级传动装置，解决了低速驱动状态时驱动装置爬行的问题。再次，设计夹具能对双减震器进行夹装，并设计丝杠滑块机构实现减震器测试安装角度的调整。接着，本文设计了采用丝杠——导轨组合结构的上下与左右移动台。该移动台主要用于调整测试不同型号减震器和不同安装角度时减震器的受力位置。采用手动摇动手轮驱动移动台，使其上下和左右移动。最后,使用AutoCAD软件绘制了二维零件图和装配图，使用Solidworks进行三维建模，验证了试验台的功能要求。
毕业论文关键词：减震器； 静负荷特性；试验台
ABSTRACT
The shock absorber for motorcycle is the flexible link to join the bracket and the wheel of the motorcycle，which acts as the cushions . The technical requirements of shock absorber include force —stroke characteristics, force —velocity characteristics, force —temperature characteristics, static friction force, static load characteristics and so on. Static load characteristics was included in some technical requirements , which were added in the latest industrial standard—QC/T62—2007《The Technical Conditions and Test Methods on Motorcycles and mopeds》.Static load characteristics , which include air spring characteristics, damping spring static characteristics, static friction force , hydraulic pressure ,plays important role in deciding on the lifetime of shock absorber as well as during the design and development of shock absorber . This paper is aimed to design a test bench to test the static load characteristics of shock absorber.
Firstly ,the paper studies the classification, elements and performances of the absorber．Secondly, this paper choose the scheme of mechanical driving by comparing the features of three different schemes including mechanical, hydraulic and pneumatic projects as well as design a three-level driving equipment which is comprised by gear motor, synchronous belt, screw nut .Through these designs, the problem of crawl is solved .Secondly , this paper design a jig which can fasten two shock absorbers at the same time .A device constituted by screw and slider block is applied in this jig to adjust the degree of shock absorber. Fourthly ,the paper develops a mobile table through screw and slide way to realize the function of regulating the position of different styles of shock absorber when they are being tested. The mobile table is drove by twirling the hand wheel to twirl the screw to move up and down and right and left. Finally, I make the parts drawings and assembly drawing through AutoCAD , make 3D models through Solidworks to check if this test bench approach the functions .
Keywords: shock absorber; static load characteristics; test bench
目录
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