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摘要霍尔传感器不仅可以用来测量磁场，还可用来测量电流、速度、位置、角度和转速等物理量。而且霍尔磁传感器具有众多优点，便于制成特殊规格的探头，实现不同环境下的测量。因此设计霍尔磁传感器具有重要的意义。
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论文介绍了霍尔效应的基本原理，详细阐述了霍尔磁传感器的工作原理，通过对霍尔元件特性测试确定了传感器的结构，进而设计整个实验系统，包括恒流源电路、信号调理、数据采集电路，并编写了相应的软件程序。采用Multisim软件对信号调理电路进行仿真并成功调试实际电路。最终完成了系统调试和传感器静态标定，并给出了传感器的静态特性。
实验结果表明：本传感器能够检测 至 范围内的磁场，且具有较好的线性度，灵敏度和重复性，达到了预定的技术指标。6605
关键词 霍尔效应 线性 温度补偿 单片机 串口通信
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Design of Hall magnetic sensors
Abstract
Hall sensor can be used to measure not only magnetic field, but also electric current, velocity, position, angle and spin speed. And Hall magnetic sensors have numerous advantages, and make it easy to make probes in special specifications to realize the measurement under different circumstances. Therefore, the design of the Hall magnetic sensors is of great significance.
The basic theory of Hall effect is introduced, then the operating principle of Hall magnetic sensors is analyzed in detail. With the test on characteristic of the hall element, the overall framework of the sensor is confirmed. Next, the experimental system of the magnetic sensor is designed, which is composed of the excitation signal circuit, amplifier filter circuit, data acquisition circuit, and corresponding functional software etc.. Using the Multisim software, the signal conditioning circuit is simulated and debugged practically. At last, the global debugging of the sensor system and the static calibrations are accomplished, and the static characteristics of the sensor are given.
The experimental result shows that the sensor system, which can measure the static weak magnetic field ranging from to , has an excellent linearity, high sensitivity and good repeatability, and could reach the requirements of the specification.
Keywords Hall effect Linearity Temperature compensation SCM Serial communication
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 课题研究的背景及意义 1
1.2 国内外霍尔传感器的研究现状及应用 2
1.3 本课题的研究内容 4
2 霍尔效应的原理 5
2.1 霍尔效应的基本原理 5
2.2 霍尔效应的附加效应及消除办法 6
2.3 霍尔元件的构成与基本特性 7
3 霍尔磁传感器方案的制定 9
3.1 霍尔磁传感器总体结构设计 9
3.2 霍尔元件的选择 10
4 霍尔磁传感器系统硬件电路设计 12
4.1 霍尔磁传感器模拟电路设计 12
4.2 霍尔磁传感器数字电路设计 20
5 霍尔磁传感器系统软件设计 22
5.1 系统软件总体设计 22