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摘要：换热器是一种将热流体的部分热量传递给冷流体的设备，在现今生产制造过程中应用非常广泛，特别在石油行业运用最为广泛，但是刚开采出来的石油含有许多杂质和有害介质，为去除这些介质，现今采用电脱盐技术。原油电脱盐的原理就是在电场、破乳剂、温度、注水、混合强度等因素的综合作用下，破坏原油乳化状态、实现油水分离的过程。本课题便设计一种电脱盐换热器，在设计过程中，首先通过查询大量文献资料分析电脱盐换热器的结构设计、用途，从而根据实际工况从传热效率、结构、经济等方面来选择换热器种类，并结合电脱盐技术对换热器设计的影响进行计算, 主要是根据已经选定的换热器型式进行设备内各零部件（如接管、折流板、定距管、管箱等）的设计，包括：材料的选择、具体尺寸确定、确定具体位置、管板厚度的计算、开孔补强计算等。 34731
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毕业论文关键字：电脱盐；换热器；固定管板式换热器；换热器设计
The design of electric desalting heat exchanger
Abstract: Heat exchanger is the transfer of a portion of the thermal fluid heat to the cold fluid equipment，in today's manufacturing process is widely used，Most widely used especially in the oil industry，Heat exchanger is used most widely in the oil industry，but crude oil contains many impurities and harmful medium，In order to remove this，the desalination technology is now used. The principle of electric desalting of crude oil is in the electric field，temperature，demulsifier，water injection，mixed to a combination of factors，such as intensity，damage state of crude oil emulsion，to realize the process of oil-water separation .The subject has designed a kind of electric desalting heat exchanger，in the design process. Firstly，the structure design and the use of the electric desalination heat exchanger are analyzed by checking many documents，and the type of heat exchanger is chosen from the aspects of heat transfer efficiency，structure and economy according to the actual working conditions，and combined with the effect of electric desalting technology of heat exchanger design structure design. Mainly according to the heat exchanger type has been selected for each component in the design of equipment (e.g., take-over, baffle plate and spacer pipe, tube, etc.)，including: the choice of materials，the determination of the specific size，determine the specific location，the thickness of the tube plate，opening reinforcement calculation，etc.
Key Words: Electric desalting；fixed tube plate heat exchanger；heat exchanger design.
目 录
1．绪论 1
1.1课题简介 1
1.2换热器发展 1
1.3电脱盐技术发展 2
1.4研究目的与意义 3
2. 设计要求 3
2.1设计任务 3
2.2总体结构设计 3
2.3研究方法 4
3. 换热器的热力计算 5
3.1确定流体的定性温度 6
3.2 对流传热系数 7
3.2.1 管程对流传热系数. 7
3.2.2 壳程对流传热系数. 7
3.3 确定污垢热阻 8
3.4 总传热系数 8
4. 换热器的结构计算 9
4.1设计条件确定 9
4.1.1设计温度 11
4.1.2 计算压力 11
4.1.3 焊缝系数 11
4.2 换热器壳体设计及校核 11
4.2.1 设计参数 12
4.2.2 厚度计算 12
4.2.2强度校核 12
4.3 换热器管箱设计及校核 13