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摘要浮头式冷却器的设计 摘要：换热器是化工、动力、冶金、能源、航天等各种工程领域中普遍使用的基本设备，虽然使用历史已久，但是仍然处于不断完善和发展之中。本换热器是浮头式冷却器，冷却器的设计可以分为工艺计算和机械设计两个部分，在工艺设计部分，根据给定的设计参数假设传热系数，计算冷却器的换热面积以及初步确定换热器型号、换热管、管程和壳程数、折流板间距和数目以及内径等工艺尺寸，然后进行热力核算和压力降核算，确定面积裕度和换热器压力降均在合理范围之内，否则，要重新设定传热系数，重复上述过程，直至通过核算。机械设计部分分为两步，第一步：根据第一部分已设计出的工艺尺寸设计筒体、管箱、接管、折流板以及各部分之间的连接等结构和尺寸；第二步：依据 GB150、GB151的规定进行强度校核，其中主要包括对管板、壳体与换热管进行的强度校核，校核通过后根据所设计结构参数绘制图纸。 通过复算与校核， 使所设计的冷却器能够满足生产工艺的要求。 32492
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毕业论文关键词： 浮头式冷却器；工艺计算；机械设计；强度校核
The Design of the Floating Head Cooler Abstract：Heat exchanger is the basic equipment commonly used chemical, power, metallurgy, energy, aerospace and other engineering fields, although the use of history for a long time, but still in the continuous improvement and development. The heat exchanger is floating head cooler, cooler design can be pided into two parts, the process calculation and mechanical design, in the process of design, according to the given design parameters assumes that the coefficient of heat tranfer, calculation of the cooler heat exchange area and determine process dimension, such as the initial heat exchanger type, heat exchange tube, tube side and shell number, fold flow plate spacing and the number and diameter , and then the thermodynamic calculation and pressure drop calculation, determine the area margin and the heat exchanger pressure drop is in reasonable range, otherwise, to reset the coefficient of heat transfer, the process is repeated, until by accounting. Mechanical design part is pided into two steps, the first step: according to the first part of the process dimension design structure and size of cylinder, a tube box, nozzles, baffles and the connection between each part; the second step: check the strength according to the provisions of GB150, GB151, which including the tube plate, shell and tube heat exchanger for strength check, after checking, according to the design structure parameter drawing. Through the double calculation and verification, make the cooler is able to meet the requirements of the production process.
Keywords: floating head cooler; process calculation; mechanical design; strength check
目录
1换热器的材料.1
1.1选材的一般原则.1
1.2材料的防腐.1
2工艺计算.3
2.1原始条件及数据.3
2.2热力计算.3
2.2.1确定物性参数.3
2.2.2估算换热面积.4
2.2.3初选换热器的型号.5
2.3热力核算.6
2.3.1传热系数的计算.6
2.3.2管外给热系数.8
2.3.3传热面积核算.9
2.4换热器的内压降计算.9
2.4.1管程流动阻力.9
2.4.2壳程流动阻力11
2.5换热器壁温计算12
2.5.1换热管壁温计算12
2.5.2圆筒壁温的计算12
2.6换热器主要结构尺寸和计算结果13
3换热器结构设计与强度设计14
3.1壳体与管箱厚度的确定14
3.1.1壳体和管箱材料的选择14
3.1.2圆筒壳体厚度的计算以及校核14
3.1.3管箱厚度计算15
3.2开孔补强计算17
3.2.1壳体上的开孔补强17
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