气-液-固三相爆轰特性研究

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摘要多相爆轰研究的是不同相态物质组成的混合物的点火与起爆、爆轰形成与传播以及爆轰波结构等问题，是当前爆轰学领域研究的热点和难点之一。本文借助立式爆轰管及其实验测试系统，研究了由液体燃料和炸药粉尘（RDX）悬浮在空气中组成的气-液-固三相混合物的爆轰特性。主要工作和结论如下：64150

（1）利用升降法测定丙酮液体燃料和环氧丙烷云雾爆轰的临界起爆能以及液体燃料和RDX颗粒组成的气-液-固三相云雾爆轰的临界起爆能。实验结果表明燃料云雾爆轰的临界起爆能的变化随着当量比改变近似成“U”形曲线，临界起爆能的最小值对应的当量比浓度大于1。在液体燃料当量比一定的条件下，由于RDX参与反应，三相体系的临界起爆能较两相气云爆轰有很明显的下降，表明燃料-RDX-空气三相混合物在外界能量作用下化学反应活性很高，相对于燃料-空气两相混合物更易于达到爆轰。

（2）在相同的实验条件下，燃料-空气两相云雾爆轰传播速度在1500~1600m/s，爆压2.0~2.5MPa；而燃料-RDX-空气三相云雾爆轰传播速度在1700~1800m/s，爆压5.5~6.0MPa。表明炸药RDX在激波作用下受热分解反应和燃料与氧气的氧化还原反应可以相互藕合组成化学反应区，进而维持一个更高压力和传播速度的波阵面。

（3）利用烟迹技术，获得了常温常压下气-液-固三相混合物的胞格图像。等当量比条件下，三相混合物的胞格尺寸小于两相混合物，进一步证实了有RDX参与反应，系统的爆轰敏感度增加。三相混合物的胞格结构长宽比相对于两相混合物更小，说明三相爆轰机制更加偏离气相爆轰。当RDX浓度较大时，爆轰波阵面的驱动能量也变大，形成很多微爆轰，出现次胞格结构。

毕业论文关键词气-液-固混合物，爆轰性能，临界起爆能

毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要

Title Gas - Liquid - Solid Three-phase Detonation Characteristics

The study of multiphase detonation focuses on the initiation, propagation and structure of the detonation. The research of multiphase detonation attracts the attention of numerous scientists for its formidable task and fundamental significance to the detonation field. This thesis studies the detonation characteristics of gas-liquid-solid mixture which is composed of fuel-RDX-air with the help of vertical detonation tube and experimental system. The main work and conclusions are as follows:

(1) The critical energy for direct initiation of detonation were measured in vertical detonation tube by Bruceton method with one fuel-air mixture and one fuel-RDX-air mixtures. The result suggests that the relationship of critical initiation energy and equivalence ratio shows an “U” shape curve, and the corresponding equivalence ratio of the minimum of critical initiation energy is larger than one. In condition of a certain liquid fuel equivalence ratio, the critical initiation energy for direct initiation of detonation of the fuel-RDX-air system is much lower than that of the fuel-air system. This indicates that fuel-RDX-air system owns a higher chemical reactivity and more likely to reach detonation state than the fuel-air system does.

(2) Under the same experimental conditions, the fuel-air two-phase cloud detonation propagation velocity is 1500 to 1600m/s and detonation pressure is 2.0 ~ 2.5MPa. For fuel-RDX-air three-phase detonation propagation velocity is 1700 to 1800m/s, and detonation pressure is 5.5 ~ 6.0MPa. This indicates that thermal decomposition of RDX cause by the shock effect and the oxidation of the fuel and oxygen reaction can be mutually coupled to form a reaction zone so as to maintain a higher pressure and the propagation velocity of the wave front. We also studied the RDX concentration on the state of detonation of the fuel-RDX-air. While RDX concentration is low, increase the concentration of RDX, the detonation pressure and detonation velocity increased significantly.