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摘要超级电容器是一种基于改善储能性能的装置，与传统电容器和化学电源之间存在明显差异。它具有许多理想的特性我们发现，提高其性能的关键在于寻找比电容量大的电极材料,特别是具有特殊结构形貌的材料，静电纺丝为我们提供了一种独特的制备纳米纤维的技术，本论文采用静电纺丝法成功制备了PVP/Ni(CH3COO)2纤维，在不同条件下高温煅烧获得NiO纳米纤维，并利用XRD、SEM和TEM对所制备的材料进行了结构表征，进一步研究了煅烧温度、Ni(CH3COO)2含量和煅烧时间对电极材料电化学性能的影响。电化学测试的结果表明，在煅烧温度为450oC、煅烧时间为6 h、Ni(CH3COO)2含量为60%时，所得到的电极材料比电容最大，在电流密度为0.5 A•g-1，该最大比电容为172.4 F•g-1。44982
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关键词 静电纺丝 超级电容器 纳米纤维 氧化镍
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title Preparation and Electrochemical Performance of Electrospun Nanofibers
Abstract
Supercapacitor is a kind of storage device based on the improvement of the energy storage performance, which is obviously different from the traditional capacitor and chemical power supply. It has many desirable properties.We found that the key to improve the performance of the electrode material is to find the material with high specific capacitance, such as some material with special structure。 Electrospinning provides us with a unique technology to prepare nano fibers. It has the advantages of environmental protection, simple operation, high efficiency and so on. PVP/Ni(CH3COO)2 fibers were successfully prepared by electrospinning, NiO nano fiber was obtained by calcination at high temperature under different conditions. The material was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD),scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM). The results demonstrate that the different calcination temperature, calcination time and the amounts of Ni(CH3COO)2 have a great effect on their electrochemical properties. It is found that the highest specific capacitance could reach 174.2 F•g-1 when the calcination time was 6 hours with temperature 450 oC and the content of Ni(CH3COO)2 is 60% at a current density of 0.5 A•g-1 in a three electrode system.
Keywords electrospinning supercapacitor nanofiber nickel oxide
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1超级电容器概述 1
1.1.1超级电容器分类 1
1.1.2超级电容器优点 2
1.1.3超级电容器的应用 2
1.2静电纺丝法概述 2
1.2.1静电纺丝过程影响因素 3
1.2.2静电纺丝的应用 3
1.3电极材料研究进展 4
1.4本论文主要研究内容及意义 4
2 实验部分 6
2.1 试剂与仪器 6
2.1.1 试剂 6
2.1.1 仪器 6
2.2实验方案 7
2.3聚乙烯吡咯烷酮/醋酸镍纤维的制备 7
2.4氧化镍电极材料的制备 8
2.5材料结构表征 9
2.6电化学测试方法 9
2.6.1 循环伏安测试 9
2.6.2 恒电流测试 10
2.6.3 交流阻抗测试 10
3 结果与讨论 11
3.1氧化镍的结构表征 11
3.1.1 XRD测试 11
3.1.2 SEM测试 11
3.1.3 TEM测试 12
3.2 煅烧温度对氧化镍纳米纤维电化学性能的影响 13
3.3 醋酸镍含量对氧化镍纳米纤维电化学性能的影响 15