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摘要通过采用4种不同尺寸的含能颗粒（直径0.5mm，长度约1.0mm；直径约3.0mm，长度约4.1mm；直径5.2mm，长度约9.0mm；直径7.8mm，长度约16mm）于烧杯中，加入配置好的含AM及助剂的溶液形成灌注液。由于固体颗粒的存在，空间阻碍将对聚合造成影响。再在烧杯中插入温度计，读取不同时间下的温度，通过温度与时间的关系来比较反应程度。实验探究颗粒大小、单体量、溶剂等对于聚合反应的影响。然后对溶液体系进行红外分析，每隔几分钟取一个红外谱图，根据特征峰的变化快慢来反应聚合的快慢。最后对PAM凝胶进行DSC分析，通过观察峰形的变化以及初始温度来判断不同因素对聚合的影响。结果发现颗粒越小的体系中丙烯酰胺越难聚合，并由此找到了使得AM在最细颗粒体系中聚合的条件。28818
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关键词 丙烯酰胺 含能颗粒 灌注液 空间阻碍 聚合反应 红外分析 DSC分析
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title The performance research of acrylamide polymerization in high solid content
Abstract
with four kinds of energetic particles of different size(Φ0.5×1.0mm、Φ3.0×4.1mm、Φ5.2×9.0mm、Φ7.8×16mm)in beaker respectively, the configured solution which contains AM and other additives was poured into beaker to come into the perfusate. As a result of the existence of energetic particles, the steric hindrance will impact the polymerization. The thermometer was inserted into the beaker，which is used to record the temperature of different time. Then the relationship between temperature and time was used to compare the degree of polymerization. This experiment explored the impact to polymerization of the particle size, dosage of monomer and the selection of solvent. And then the infrared spectrum analysis was carried out on the process of polymerization. Infrared spectrogram was collected every few minutes to research the rate of polymerization through the changing rate of characteristic peak. At last, DSC analysis was carried out on the PAM gel. By observing the difference of the peak shape and the initial temperature, the impaction to the polymerization of different factors was reacted. The result shows that the smaller particles are, the more difficult it is to polymerize. At last, the experiment found the conditions to make the AM polymerized in the smallest particles.
Keywords acrylamide energetic particles perfusate steric hindrance polymerization infrared spectrum analysis DSC analysis
目 次
1 引言 1
1.1 定义与性质 1
1.2 应用 2
1.3 研究背景 2
1.4 研究现状与不足 2
1.5 实验改进之处 3
2 实验部分 5
2.1 主要原料和仪器 5
2.2 实验配方 5
2.3 灌注液配置 5
2.4 测试分析 5
3 结果与讨论 7
3.1 时温分析 7
3.2 红外分析 13
3.3 DSC分析 15
4 误差分析18
4.1 溶液配置的误差 18
4.2 时温测试的误差 18
4.3 DSC测试的误差 18
结论 19
致谢 20
参考文献21
1 引言
1．1 定义与性质
丙烯酰胺是用于合成聚丙烯酰胺的单体，其自身为白色晶体状物质。其分子式如下：
丙烯酰胺（AM）是一种带有不饱和键的酰胺类物质，由于酰胺基团的存在，因此能溶于水、乙醇等极性溶剂中，而不溶于非极性溶剂如苯等物质。在存放时要注意一定要隔绝空气，防止受空气中水蒸气的影响。AM是一种有毒的物质，在酸性条件下分解成丙烯酸。AM含有两个官能团——双键和酰胺官能团，因而它是具有高度极性和多种性能的化学物质, 易溶于水及强极性的有机溶剂,而不溶于非极性有机溶剂。丙烯酰胺的分子结构和性质决定了它的聚合反应特色。正是丙烯酰胺双键即缺电子键的存在, 它易于通过双键聚合得到超高分子量的聚合物。反应方程式如下：