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摘要利用活性金属氢化物在燃烧时热值较大、燃烧充分、活性高的特性，用活性金属氢化物燃料代替现有的金属燃料改善贫氧推进剂的能量性能以及燃烧性能。尝试用石蜡通过溶剂非溶剂法分别对硼氢化钾和硼氢化钠进行包覆，用萘通过重结晶法对氢化铝锂进行包覆，用以提高其储存稳定性。通过电镜扫描、红外光谱测试、X射线衍射测试研究包覆样品的表面结构及其包覆情况；再通过燃烧性能测试探究包覆样品的添加对药剂的燃烧性能的影响。结果表明，硼氢化钾、硼氢化钠、氢化铝锂均完成包覆，硼氢化钠包覆情况最好；添加了NaBH4包覆样品的药剂燃烧性能有显著的提高，燃速均提高了5％以上。26972
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关键词 金属氢化物 溶剂非溶剂法 重结晶 包覆
毕业论文设计说明书外文摘要
Title The influence of modified acative metal hydride on fuel-rich propellants
Abstract
Active metal hydrides have good qualities of large calorific value, sufficient combustion performance and high activity when burning. Therefore, the existing metal fuels were replaced by active metal hydride in order to improve energy performance and combustion performance of fuel-rich propellants. KBH and NaBH were coated with paraffin through solvent-nonsolvent method, and LiAlH4 was coated with C10H8 through recrystallization in order to improve their storage stability. The surface structure and coated situation of sample were characterized by TEM, FTIR and XRD. It was also studied for the influence of coated sample on combustion performance through flammability testing. It turned out that KBH, NaBH and LiAlH4 were all coated and NaBH was coated the best. The combustion performance of drugs with NaBH coated samples was improved greatly, burning rate rising by over 5%.
Keywords metal hydride solvent-nonsolvent method recrystallization coating
目 次
1 引言 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 国内外研究状况 1
1.2 研究内容 3
2 实验 4
2.1 实验仪器 4
2.2 实验药品 4
2.3 实验原理 4
2.3.1 溶剂非溶剂法 4
2.3.2 重结晶法 5
2.4 实验步骤 5
2.4.1 金属氢化物的选择 5
2.4.2 包覆剂的选择 9
2.4.3 溶剂和非溶剂的选择 10
2.4.4 硼氢化钠的包覆 11
2.4.3 硼氢化钾的包覆 11
2.4.4 氢化铝锂的包覆 11
3 形貌检测 13
3.1 表观形貌 13
3.2 微观形貌 13
4 检测 15
4.1 红外光谱测试 15
4.1.1 硼氢化钾包覆样品测试结果 15
4.1.2 硼氢化钠包覆样品测试结果 16
4.1.3 氢化铝锂包覆样品测试结果 17
4.2 X射线衍射测试 18
4.3 燃烧性能检测 21
4.3.1 制备 21
4.3.2 燃烧性能检测结果 22
4.3.3 实验结论 26
结论27
致谢.28
参考文献.29
1 引言
金属氢化物是一种非常好的储氢材料，其所含氢的质量分数达到了5～15%，体积氢密度比液氢密度高出了一倍[1-4],同时燃烧产物的平均相对分子质量很大程度的降低，利于氢的储存和推进应用。作为高效方便的释氢材料，金属氢化物的热分解温度远比燃烧室中推进剂的燃烧温度低,为100～900℃[2-4]。在燃烧过程中，氢能被完全的释放出来，连同分离后的金属一起参加燃烧，并且能量释放，使反应体系和燃烧产物流动的热能都增加，从而增大比冲。