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摘要：车前子为车前科车前属大车前（Plantago major L.）或平车前（Plantago depressa Willd.）的干燥成熟种子，具有利尿、清热、祛痰等功效，被国家卫生部列为可用于保健食品的物品。本文以大车前（Plantago major L.）为原料，对车前多糖（PMP）的提取、分离、纯化进行了系统的研究。采用碱水热提的方法从车前残渣中提取活性多糖。通过正交设计试验确定了碱水热提车前多糖的最佳浸提工艺条件:料液比为1:30；加热温度为80℃，加热时间为2h。采用Sevag法脱蛋白，考察去蛋白率和多糖损失率后，确定去蛋白次数为3次；采用H2O2脱色素，60 ℃水浴6 h；通过DEAE -32离子交换柱进一步分离，再经Sephacryl S-400分子筛纯化，经液相色谱检测制备得到的车前多糖为纯品，其分子量约为20 KD。10342
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关键词： 车前多糖；提取；分离；纯化
Extraction and Purification of Polysaccharide from the Plantago major L.
Abstract:The Psyllium are the dry mature seeds of Plantago asiatica L. or Plantago depressa Willd, which are Plantago major grain for Plantaginaceae, with the functions of diuretic, expectorant, cooling blood, and detoxification, can be use as medicine and food which confirming by The National Ministry of Health. In this thesis, It will be studied systematically how to extracte, separate, and purify Plantago major L. as material. Using alkali hot water extraction method extracts the active polysaccharides from Extraction of Plantago major L. The optimum extraction process of alkaline hot extraction of Plantago polysaccharide was determined by orthogonal design test. The ratio of material to liquid is 1:30; the heating temperature is 80 ℃, and heating time of 2h.After that, using the Sevag method to take off the protein, to explore removal rate of protein and polysaccharide loss rate, determined to remove protein 3 times. Then adding H2O2 to remove pigment, heating in the water for 6h with the temperature is 60 ℃. Through the DEAE-32 column chromatography separate further. Then using Sephacryl S-400 molecular sieve to purify. Lastly using the liquid chromatography confirm that plantain polysaccharide form the experiment is a pure product, its molecular weight is about 20 KD.
Key Words: Psyllium；extraction；isolation；purification
目 录
1 研究背景 1
1.1 车前多糖的简介及来源 1
1.1.1 车前多糖的简介 1
1.1.2 车前多糖的来源 1
1.2 车前多糖的结构特点 1
1.3 车前多糖的生物活性 2
1.3.1 缓泻作用 2
1.3.2 降血糖、降血脂作用 2
1.3.3 抗动脉粥样硬化作用 3
1.3.4 对免疫功能的影响 3
1.4 车前多糖的国内研究概况 3
1.5 本课题的研究意义及研究内容 4
1.5.1 研究意义 4
1.5.2 研究内容 4
2 实验材料及方法 5
2.1 实验材料 5
2.1.1 原料 5
2.1.2 主要试剂 5
2.1.3 主要仪器 6
2.2 实验方法 6
2.2.1 标准曲线的建立 7
2.2.2 车前多糖浸提研究 9
2.2.3 车前多糖分离纯化研究 10
3 实验结果与讨论 12
3.1 论文标准曲线绘制结果 12
3.1.1 葡萄糖标准曲线绘制结果 12
3.1.2 蛋白质标准曲线绘制结果 12
3.2 碱液浸提车前多糖正交设计试验结果 13
3.3 分离纯化车前多糖研究结果 14
3.3.1 Sevag法脱蛋白试验结果 14