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摘要：全球温室效应逐渐加剧，预计本世纪末全球平均气温将升高1.8-4.0℃ ，极端天气爆发日趋频繁。温度过高不利于棉花生长发育和棉籽品质的形成，因此研究花铃期增温对棉籽品质形成的影响，可为探索气候变化下棉籽品质的提高提供理论指导。本试验于2013-2015年在南京农业大学牌楼试验站（118°50′E, 32°02′N）进行，选择长江中下游棉区主栽品种泗杂3号为试验材料，试验处理设置为花铃期增温2-3 °C和常温对照研究了花铃期增温对棉仁蛋白质累积、蛋白质组分及氨基酸组分含量的影响。结果显示，花铃期增温2-3 °C会显著增加棉籽中蛋白质最大累积速率、蛋白质最终含量，缩短蛋白质最大累积持续期；花铃期增温条件下球蛋白和清蛋白含量有显著增加趋势，谷蛋白和醇溶蛋白含量有显著降低趋势；增温使天冬氨酸、谷氨酸和亮氨酸含量增加，使精氨酸含量降低。因此，花铃期增温对棉籽蛋白质品质的形成有显著影响。36569
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毕业论文关键词：棉花；花铃期；增温；棉籽；品质
Effect of elevated temperature during flowering and boll formation stage on the formation of cottonseed quality
Abstract：A global air temperature increase of 1.8-4.0 °C is predicted for 2100 as a result of climate change, extreme weather outbreaks are becoming more frequently. High temperature is not conducive to the formation of the growth and development of cotton and cottonseed quality, so the study of the influence of warming during the blooming period of cottonseed quality formation, can provide theoretical guidance for improving the quality of cottonseed exploration under climate change. Field experiment was conducted in Nanjing, Jiangsu Province (118°50′E, 32°02′N).The cotton cultivar Siza 3 which has been widely planted in the Yangtze River valley cotton belt since the early 21st century was used. To understand the implications of high temperature caused by global warming on cottonseed quality, field experiments with ambient temperature regime and elevated temperature regime (ambient temperature plus 2-3°C in 24h during flowering and boll formation stages) were carried out.The results showed that during the blooming period of warming 2-3 °C will significantly increase in the maximum accumulation rate, cottonseed protein protein content finally, shorten the protein maximum cumulative duration; flowering stage increased protein content and albumin ball temperature had a significant increase trend, gliadin and glutenin content decreased significantly increase the warming trend; the ASP aspartic acid, glutamic acid and leucine content, reduce the content of arginine. Therefore, during the blooming period of warming has significant influence on the forming quality of cottonseed protein.
Key words: Cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L.); Flowering and boll formation stage; Elevated temperature ; Cottonseed; Quality
目 录
摘要3
关键词3
Abstract3
Key words3
1引言3
2材料与方法4
2.1棉仁蛋白质含量测定4
2 .2蛋白质组分含量测定5
2.3氨基酸组分含量测定6
3结果与分析6
3.1花铃期增温对棉仁蛋白质累积的影响6
3.2花铃期增温对棉仁蛋白质组分含量的影响 7
3.3花铃期增温对棉仁氨基酸组分的影响 7
4讨论 8
4.1花铃期增温对棉仁蛋白质累积的影响8
4.2花铃期增温对棉仁蛋白质组分的影响8
4.3花铃期增温对棉仁氨基酸组分的影响8
致谢 9
参考文献 9
花铃期增温对棉籽品质形成的影响1引言
棉花为喜温作物，作为全球性的重要经济作物和纺织原料，其产量品质形成关键期——花铃期内遭遇逆境胁迫将对棉花生产造成严重不利影响，已有研究表明高温胁迫易导致棉花产量品质下降[1]。预计到本世纪末全球气温将再升高1.8-4.0 °C，极端气候，特别是夏季高温，发生将更为频繁，此时正值棉花花铃期。因此，夏季高温必将成为该地区棉花生产上主要的自然灾害。花铃期高温严重影响了棉花的源能力和库活性，导致棉花产量的提高和品质的改善受到影响。农业是对气候变化非常敏感的行业，气候变化将改变农业气候资源，特别是热量资源的时空分布，对农业结构、种植制度和农作物产量都将产生重大影响。近50年来，长江中下游流域棉区的日均最高温基本都在38-40 °C，且高温持续时间大都在20 d以上[2]。同时，我国内陆棉区气温亦呈上升趋势，上升幅度为0.33 °C /10年，高于全国平均水平，其中北疆增温幅度大于其他地区。由此可见，棉花花铃期高温在我国棉区的发生概率和频率正逐年升高，已成为影响我国棉花生产的重要气象因素之一。棉籽发育是棉花产量与品质形成的关键，因此，探究棉花花铃期增温对棉籽品质形成的影响，为探索全球温室化效应日趋加剧条件下的棉花高产、稳产、优质栽培技术体系的形成提供理论依据和技术支持。