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摘要：控释肥被广泛应用于在更少的劳动力和时间成本的前提下提高作物产量和氮肥利用率，但关于控释肥及不同施肥方式下水稻氮肥吸收与肥料养分释放的同步关系研究较少。以硫包衣尿素（SCU）和掺混肥（BBF）为供试氮源，设置控释肥的一次性撒施（B-SCU，B-BBF）和侧条施肥（S-SCU，S-BBF）两种施肥方式，并采用高产分次施肥（CK）为对照，研究不同施肥方式和控释肥种类对水稻产量，氮肥利用率，土壤养分时空分布的影响。结果表明：SCU释放氮主要集中在前期， BBF氮的释放则较为平衡，更符合水稻的氮肥吸收规律，并且施肥方式对不同控释肥的释放规律没有显著影响。一次性撒施处理下BBF水稻产量和氮肥利用效率显著高于SCU，且与高产分次施肥无显著差异。侧条施肥较撒施处理显著提高了施肥侧根际土壤NH4+-N含量，增加了水稻根系对氮的吸收，其处理下的 SCU和BBF水稻产量和氮肥利用率均高于高产分次施肥。因此，侧条施肥是一种高效的施肥方式，且SCU和BBF均适合于机械侧条施肥；BBF同时适用撒施，但SCU不适合撒施。31413
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毕业论文关键词：控释肥；机插侧条施肥；水稻；产量；氮肥利用效率
Effects of different control-release nitrogen fertilisers types and fertilization placement on N uptake and N use efficiency of machine-transplanted rice
Abstract：Controlled-release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) has been widely used to improved grain yield and N use efficiency (NUE) with less labor and time spent. However, the effects of the interaction between fertilizer types and application methods on rice growth, soil fertility and soil N balance are rarely evaluated.The field experiment was performed to investigate the effects of two types of control-released fertilisers (bulk blending fertilisers (BBF) and sulphur-coated urea (SCU)) under two fertilization placement (broadcast (B), side-dressing placement (S)) on rice yield, N use efficiency(NUE) and spatial distribution of mineral N from paddy soil. Conventional high-yield fertilisation was established as controls. The results show that the nitrogen release of SCU mainly concentrated in the early stage; the nitrogen release of BBF is more balanced, and more in line with the law of rice nitrogen uptake. The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of broadcast with BBF were significantly higher than that with SCU, and there was no significant difference with CK. The treatment with side-dressing placement significantly increased the content of NH4 +-N in rhizospheric soil of fertilization and increased the uptake of nitrogen by rice root system, which is an efficient fertilization method. The yield and nitrogen use efficiency of side-dressing placement with SCU and BBF were higher than those of CK. Therefore, SCU and BBF are suitable for side-dressing placement of machine-transplanted rice; and BBF at the same time suit for broadcast while SCU is not suit for broadcast.
Key words: controlled-release nitrogen fertilisers; side-dressing placement; rice yield; N use efficiency.
目 录
摘要 3
关键词 3
Abstract 3
Key words 3
引言 3
1 材料与方法 4
1.1 试验材料 4
1.2 试验设计 4
1.3 测定内容与方法 4
1.4 数据分析 6
2 结果与分析 6
2.1 肥料的养分释放规律 6
2.2 土壤养分的时空分布 6
2.3 不同肥料处理对水稻产量及构成的影响 7
2.4 不同肥料处理对水稻关键时期地上干物质积累的影响 7
2.5 不同肥料处理对水稻SPAD动态的影响 8