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摘要：芦苇为禾本科多年生植物，具有极强的抗逆性和生存竞争能力。芦苇的植株高大，地下有发达的匍匐根状茎。茎秆直立，杆高1～3米，节下常生白粉。叶鞘圆筒形，无毛或有细毛。为了保护上海市滩涂资源生物多样性和可持续开发利用，充分利用黄酮的正面价值,尽量减少其负面影响，暂且不考虑实施成本和价值的情况下，提取芦苇叶片中的黄酮类物质就是挖掘其剩余价值的一种方法。黄酮（flavone），是黄酮类化合物的总称，泛指两个具有酚羟基的苯环（A-与B-环）通过中央三碳原子相互连结而成的一系列化合物。黄酮类化合物结构中常连接有酚羟基、甲氧基、甲基、异戊烯基等官能团。黄酮可以改善血液循环，可以降低胆固醇，向天果中的黄酮还含有一种PAF抗凝因子，这些作用大大降低了心脑血管疾病的发病率，也可改善心脑血管疾病的症状。黄酮可以抑制炎性生物酶的渗出，可以增进伤口愈合和止痛，栎素由于具有强抗组织胺性，可以用于各类敏感症。本课题主要研究通过控制物料比、提取液浓度和温度，得出其黄酮类物质最佳提取条件，并在这一条件下测定叶片的黄酮含量。20592
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毕业论文关键词: 芦苇叶片；崇明岛东滩；黄酮；浓度；温度；提取；离心
Extraction and Content Determination of flavonoids reed leaves
Abstract: Reed is grassy perennial with a strong resistance and survival competitiveness. Plant tall reeds , have developed underground creeping rhizomes. Stem erect stalk 1 to 3 m high , often born under section white . Sheaths cylindrical , glabrous or hairs . In order to protect Shanghai tidal resources biopersity and the sustainable development and utilization , make full use of the positive value of flavonoids , Would not consider the case of the implementation of cost and value , Reed leaf extract flavonoids is a way to tap Flavonoids (flavone), is a general term of flavonoids , the two series of compounds refers to the phenyl ring (A- and B- ring ) having a phenolic hydroxyl group of carbon atoms linked through a central three mutually made .their residual value . Flavonoids often connected with phenolic compounds of hydroxy, methoxy , methyl, isopentenyl group and the like functional groups. Flavonoids can improve blood circulation, can lower cholesterol , to the days of fruit flavonoids also contain a PAF anticoagulant factors , these effects greatly reduce the incidence of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases , but also can improve symptoms of cardiovascular disease. Flavonoids can inhibit the inflammatory exudate enzymes can promote wound healing and pain relief, due to the strong oak prime antihistamine properties , can be used for all kinds of allergies . The main subject of research by controlling the ratio of material , extract concentration and temperature , come to its optimum extraction conditions of flavonoids and flavonoid content was measured under this condition leaves .
Keywords: reed leaves ; Chongming Dongtan ; flavonoids ; concentration ; temperature ; extraction ; centrifugal
目录
摘要2
第一章 绪论
1.1 芦苇的概况7
1.1.1 芦苇的形态特征7
1.1.2 芦苇的产地分布7
1.1.3 芦苇在生活中的作用和应用7
1.2 芦苇中活性物质的研究与进展8
1.3 可溶黄酮类化合物的理化性质8
1.4 可溶黄酮类化合物的提取9
1.4.1按所用试剂不同分类9
1.4.1.1 热水提取法9
1.4.1.2 有机溶剂萃取法9
1.4.1.3 碱提取酸沉淀法10
1.4.2 按提取条件不同分类10
1.4.2.1 回流提取法10
1.4.2.2 索式提取法10