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摘要本文通过对含高氯酸钾，硝酸钾的烟火药剂进行试验。针对两种氧化剂配制含有铝粉、镁粉以及镁粉铝粉混合的烟火药剂，进行热分析、燃烧、爆轰等试验。
通过热分分析，发现高氯酸钾与Mg组成的二元体系在发生热反应时，未等高氯酸钾熔解反应就发生了，表明这是一个固固反应的历程。根据固固相反应理论，高氯酸钾在受热后晶格振幅加大，晶格松弛，晶格扩散加快，反应性增强，故而能在未熔化分解时就与部分物质发生反应。高氯酸钾与Al组成的二元体系在发生热反应时，高氯酸钾首先受热融化，包覆在金属可燃剂的表面。随着体系温度的升高，高氯酸钾保持液态的能力逐步减弱，游离出的氧原子与熔融状态的金属可燃剂在凝聚相中开始反应，在气相达到反应最大程度，直至结束。在最大反应区内，由于其放热量远远大于散热量的总和，致使反应持续进行。硝酸钾的热分解是一个吸热的物理化学过程。
通过燃烧实验发现，压药压力对药剂的燃烧速度有一定的影响，但是这种影响规律性并不明显。负氧平衡的药剂容易点燃并且燃烧速度明显加快，而正氧平衡的药剂，其点火能力很弱，燃烧很不稳定。64341
爆轰试验则表明了在当前实验条件下，所用药剂很容易发生爆燃，却无法进一步转化为爆轰。
毕业论文关键词 高氯酸钾 硝酸钾 燃烧 爆轰
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title Containing potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate Combustion Characteristics of pyrotechnic
Abstract Based on the containing potassium perchlorate, potassium nitrate pyrotechnic composition tested. Preparation for the two kinds of oxidants containing aluminum powder, magnesium powder and magnesium aluminum mixed Pyrotechnics, thermal analysis, combustion, detonation and other tests.
By thermal sub-analysis found that potassium perchlorate and Mg binary system consisting of thermal reaction occurs when potassium chlorate is not high fusion reaction took place, that this is a solid-solid reaction course. According to theory of solid-solid phase reaction, potassium perchlorate in the lattice amplitude is increased after heating, the lattice relaxation, lattice diffusion accelerated, increased reactivity, and therefore can not decompose when melted with some substances react. Potassium perchlorate and Al binary system consisting of thermal reaction occurs when the first heat to melt potassium perchlorate, flammable agent coated on the surface of the metal. As the temperature of the system increases, the ability to remain liquid potassium perchlorate gradually weakened to free the oxygen atoms of the metal in the molten state combustible start of the reaction agent in the condensed phase, the reaction in the gas phase to achieve the maximum degree, the end. The maximum reaction zone, heat release due to its much larger than the total amount of heat, resulting in continuing the reaction. The thermal decomposition of potassium nitrate is an endothermic physical and chemical processes.
It was found by the combustion, charge pressure, the combustion speed of a pharmaceutical effect, but this effect is not apparent regularity. Negative oxygen balance of pharmaceutical easily ignited and burn significantly faster, and a positive oxygen balance of Pharmacy, which is weak ignition, combustion is very unstable.
Detonation test indicates that in the current experimental conditions, agents used are prone to deflagration, can not be further converted to
Detonation
Keywords Potassium perchlorate Potassium nitrate Combustion Detonation
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