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摘要：乙醇用途广泛，是基础的有机化工原料和优质燃料，主要应用于精细化工，塑料等领域，它用来制造乙醛、乙醚、乙酸乙酯、乙胺等化工原料，也是制取医药、染料、洗涤剂、涂料的重要原料之一在乙醇回收塔的设计中。通过对板式塔与填料塔的比较，本次设计采用填料塔，要想把低纯度的乙醇水溶液提升到高纯度，要用连续精馏的方法，通过多次的汽化分离，可使混合液得到几乎完全的分离。经过可行性分析,填料塔内充填一定高度的填料，使用喷淋装置和液体分布器使乙醇和水的溶液尽可能的分布在填料上，以此提高传质效率，在塔内因乙醇和水的沸点不同，乙醇蒸汽上升，从塔顶蒸汽出口管流出经过冷凝装置回收，水从上往下到达塔底，从塔底残夜出口管流出，整个回收过程还需其加上除沫装置，栅板，支座的支撑等实现整个操作。这次设计主要做了塔型选择；填料选择；工艺计算；塔内件的设计；稳定性校核等工作。39015
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毕业论文关键词：填料塔；塔内件；乙醇-水分离。
Design of the alcohol recovery tower
Abstract: Ethanol is widely used, it is the basis of organic chemical raw materials and high-quality fuel, mainly used in chemical, plastics, and other fields, it is used to produce acetaldehyde, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate, ethyl amine and other chemicals, but also preparation medicine, dyes, detergents, paints one of the important raw material in ethanol recovery column design. By comparing the plate column and packed column design uses a packed column, in order to enhance the low-purity aqueous ethanol to a high purity, use continuous distillation method, separated by several of vaporization, the mixture can get almost complete separation. After feasibility analysis, a packed column filled with a certain height of packing, the use of sprinklers and liquid distribution enables a solution of ethanol and water distribution on the packing as much as possible to improve the mass transfer efficiency in the tower because of different boiling points of ethanol and water , ethanol vapor rising from the top of the steam outlet pipe outflow through the condensing means for recovering water from the top to the bottom, residues from the bottom of the outlet pipe out of the night, the whole process needs to recover its plus demister device, a grid, bearing support, etc. to achieve the operation. The main job of the tower design choice; packing selection; process calculation; internals design; stability check and so on.
Key words: Packed tower; Tower internals; Ethanol - water separation.
目 录
1 前言 1
1.1 课题研究意义 1
1.2国内外研究进展及发展趋势 1
1.2.1 国内发展 1
1.2.2 国外发展 2
2 回收塔工艺条件及有关物性数据计算 3
2.1 工艺计算 3
2.1.1 物料计算 3
2.1.2 液体平均粘度 5
2.2 塔型选择 5
2.3 方案的确定 6
2.4 填料的选择 8
2.4.1 填料选择 8
2.4.2 填料层高度的计算 10
2.4.3 填料层的分段 10
2.4.4 填料层持液量 10
2.4.5 填料层压降 11
3 结构设计 13
3.1 筒体 13
3.1.1 筒体的材料选择和厚度 13
3.1.2 封头 14
3.2 筒体的强度及稳定性校核 14
3.3 筒体水压试验应力校核 15
4 塔设备的稳定性计算 15
4.1 质量载荷计算 15
4.2 自振周期 16