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摘要本文利用正硅酸甲酯和嵌段共聚物（P123）合成有序大孔泡沫状二氧化硅（MOSF）吸附材料，并对合成的MOSF进行扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、氮气吸附脱附（BET）表征。结果表明该材料具有松散的囊泡状小块结构，且分布均匀，比表面积为436.14m2/g，孔容10.82cm3/g，孔径为7.66nm。将合成的MOSF吸附材料对以硝酸铀酰作为模拟的废水进行吸附实验。研究了溶液pH、吸附时间、硝酸铀酰溶液初始浓度和辐照条件对吸附效果的影响。实验结果发现，硝酸铀酰溶液的最佳pH值为4。在pH=4时，MOSF对铀的吸附在2h内就达到吸附平衡，其最大吸附容量为68.97 mg/g。MOSF具有良好的抗辐照性能。Langmuir和Freundlich吸附等温模型均可较好地用来描MOSF对铀的吸附。MOSF吸附铀的动力学过程符合准二级动力学模型。31364
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关键词：有序大孔 吸附 铀
毕业论文设计说明书中文摘要
Title The concentration of uranium in MOSF in simulative radioactive waste water
Abstract
Tetramethyl orthosilicate and poly(ethylene oxide)-poly(propylene oxide)-poly(ethylene oxide)(EO20PO70EO20, denoted P123, BASF) copolymers were used to synthesis adsorbing material--macroporous ordered silica foams(MOSF) in this thesis. And then the synthetic MOSF absorption material was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and nitrogen adsorption-desorption(BET). The results show that MOSF possesses loose capsule vesicular structure of small piece and the pore size distribution of the material is uniform, available MOSF specific surface area is 436.14 m2/g, pore volume is 10.82 cm3/g, pore size is 7.66 nm. The synthetic MOSF absorption material was also used to absorb uranyl nitrate as simulated waste water through absorption experiment. The impact of the pH of solution, absorption time, initial concentration of the solution of uranium and irradiation conditions for absorption effect was investigated. Absorption kinetics and absorption isotherm were also studied.The result of the experiment indicates:the optimal pH of solution is 4. The adsorption reached adsorption equilibrium within 2h when the pH is 4. Its maximum adsorption capacity is 68.97 mg/g. MOSF possesses good irradiation resistance. Langmuir and Freundlich isothermal adsorptionmodel can be well used to tracing adsorption of MOSF for uranium, and the adsorption process conforms the level 2 dynamic model.
Keywords ordered macroporous absorption uranium
目 次
1 绪论 1
1.1 介孔材料 1
1.2 铀与核能 1
1.3 放射性废水 3
1.4 放射性废水处理的方法 4
1.4.1 化学沉淀法 4
1.4.2 膜分离法 4
1.4.3 离子交换法 4
1.4.4 蒸发浓缩法 4
1.4.5 生物处理法 5
1.4.6 吸附法 5
2 MOSF材料的制备及表征 6
2.1 实验仪器与试剂 6
2.2 MOSF的合成 6
2.3 扫描电子显微镜（SEM）分析 7
2.4 MOSF氮气吸附脱附 7
2.5 本章小结 8
3 MOSF材料对铀酰离子的吸附研究 10
3.1 1g/L的硝酸铀酰溶标准液的配制 10
3.2 显色剂——偶氮胂Ⅲ的配制 10
3.3 标准曲线的绘制 10