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The main contents of this design include the following aspects :(1) the background and significance of commerce centers; (2) analysis of fire risk in commerce center; (3) general layout of fire control; (4) partition of fire control design; (5) evacuation routes design; (6) interior decoration design; (7) fire extinguisher;(8) fire water supply system design; (9) automatically spray fire distinguish system; (10) smoke control design; (11)fire automatically alarm system.
The objective of this design is a commerce center. This building locates in Yucheng Road, Xincheng Road, Shengcheng Street, Changcheng Street junction. The construction area of this business service building is 395123 m²; base construction area is 32222 m². The service life period of this building is 50 years.
The general layout of fire control of this building involves the identification of fire-resistance rating, fireproof distance and lane for fire-fighting. In accordance with some regulations and rules, this building has been rated as the first class public building, and its fire-resistance rating as the first level.
The general layout of fire control of this building mainly designs the fire-proof part inside this building. The first floor is pided into 12 fire district, and the fifth layer is pided into seven fire district.
The first floor has 20 security exit, and exit width of each security ranging from 2.4 ~ 12.6m. The largest evacuation distance of the building is 42.9m.
Combustion performance grade of the first and fifth floors’s decoration materials is as follows: ceiling A, wall A, ground A, partition A, B1, fixed furniture B1, decorative fabric B1, other decorative materials B1. Specific decoration materials are chosen by the criteria above.
Fire extinguishers are mainly used for the initial fire.The design is mainly made for fire emergency of A class. Fire extinguishers are equipped with MF/ABC5 and maximum protection distance is 15 meters. Type and quantity of fire extinguishers used depends on protected area square.
Making sure the amount of outdoor fire hydrants and the water supply volume, as for the indoor fire hydrant system, the design selects 65mm hydrant, monitor with a 19mm nozzle, and glue-wall hose with 65mm diameter and 20m long. Besides, this design carries out the water-power calculation of full water spout, fire hydrant protective radius, fire hydrant distance, nozzle pressure of monitor, nozzle flow volume of monitor, resistance losses of water hose, required pressure of hydrant’s hole and water tank.
The auto-spray system adopts the design of wet-type auto-spray fire extinguishing system. In accordance with regulations and rule, this building is regarded as II class of danger categories. This design chooses the layout of nozzle in the form of square.The most unfavorable point nozzle working pressure is 0.12MPa and the flow is 1625.92L/min.
The courtyard’s headroom height of the mall is more than 12m, so the mechanical exhaust should be set up in it. The length of aisle is over 60m, so mechanical exhaust should be set within it, too. The smoke districts are separated by smoke vertical wall, wall or protruding beams (partition) from the ceiling whose length is less than 50cm.
The design of automatic alarm system involves the selection of automatic alarm system’s type, and the decision of fire-detecting equipment, etc. The mall uses centralized alarm system, the height of room is 5.1m, 5.7m, and the building has a movie theater, a large number of shops, so it is easy to produce large amounts of smoke during fire, so this design uses ionization smoke detectors.
This design summarizes commerce centers’ fire safety hazards and types of accidents that may occur as well as regional fire system design. During the design, I looked through the school library, Shanghai Library, network stacks, periodicals and other information related to various aspects of fire protection, searched relevant design specifications and design manuals, finally completed the fire protection design.