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摘要纳米氧化锌（ZnO）作为一种重要的半导体材料在作为光催化分解水的催化剂、助催化剂，光化学分解有机污染物的催化剂，气体传感器等方面有着广阔的应用前景。本文以醋酸锌作锌源，去离子水作为水相，甲苯作为有机相，阳离子表面活性剂十二烷基三甲基溴化铵（DTAB）作为相转移剂，描述了如何用液-液两相法在室温下制备片状纳米氧化锌，着重探讨了乙醇胺、二乙醇胺、三乙醇胺和三乙胺四种有机碱以及聚乙二醇400（PEG-400）的加入以及干燥温度对制备得到的片状纳米氧化锌光催化能力的影响。本论文运用了粉末X射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）、透射电子显微镜（TEM）、红外吸收谱（FTIR）对所制备的样品进行表征，通过紫外光照射含有样品的亚甲基蓝溶液来测试样品的光催化性能，并用紫外/可见（UV-Vis）分光光度计测定染料分解程度。通过实验比较我们发现在60℃干燥，无 PEG-400的条件下，用乙醇胺制备得到的ZnO有最好的光催化性能，而加入PEG-400后，用三乙醇胺制备得到的ZnO的光催化能力得到大幅的提高，成为光催化能力最好的样品，而该样经过100℃烘干后，催化能力得到进一步的大幅提升，能在1h内将20mg/L的亚甲基蓝溶液光催化分解完全。除此之外，本文还讨论了银颗粒负载在片状纳米氧化锌表面对其光催化效果的影响。发现Ag颗粒的负载能提高ZnO的光催化能力。8783
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关键词 纳米 氧化锌 两相法 光催化
毕业设计说明书（论文）外文摘要
Title The preparation and the characterization of nano-ZnO with high activity and the research of producing H2 by splitting water with photocatlysis
Abstract
As an important semi-conductor, ZnO nano-materials have a quite wide application prospects as catalyst of splitting water, co-catalyst, catalyst of degrading organic pollution, gas-sensor and so on. In this paper, we discussed how to prepare ZnO nanosheets by liquid-liquid two-phase method using Zinc acetate dihydrate as the precursor, toluene as the organic phase, (n-Dodecyl)trimethylammonium bromide (DTAB) as the phase-transfer agent, mainly focused on the effects of four organic bases-- monoethanolamine, diethanolamine, triethylolamine and triethylamine and the present of polyethylene glycol (with average molecular weight 400) as well as the temperature of drying to the ability of photocatalytic reaction. Power X-Ray diffraction, scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope were used to characterize the samples. UV-vis spectra were used to detect the degradation of methyl blue. Our experiments showed the sample prepared by monoethanolamine had the best ability of photocatalysis when all of samples were prepared without PEG-400 and dried under 60℃.However, when the samples were prepared with PEG-400 the sample prepared by triethylamine became the best one in photocatalysis and when dried under 100℃ its ability of photocatalysis improved again enabling it degraded methyl blue within 1 hour. Moreover, we also discussed the ability of photocatalysis of nano-ZnO loading with Ag particles finding the present of Ag particles can improve the ability of photocatalysis of ZnO.
Keywords nanometer ZnO two-phases method photocatalysis
目 录
1 引言 1
1.1 制备纳米ZnO的各种方法 1
1.2 用于光催化的纳米ZnO的研究情况 1
1.3 提高纳米ZnO光催化活性的研究情况 3
1.4 本文特色、研究内容及研究方案 5
2 片状结构ZnO的制备及表征 7
2.1 片状结构ZnO的制备 7
2.2 表征与测试 9
2.3 结果与讨论 10