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摘要：纳米复合材料因为这种材料本身具有非常特殊的结构以及与其他材料不同的奇异性能而受到了世界各地研究者的关注。 而且这种功能材料的物理化学性能以及应用与其制备的方法密切关联。本课题主要采用水热法制备以氟化铵作为结构导向剂，水和乙醇作为溶剂合成纳米氧化物钴酸镍材料，实验中改变了水热反应的条件，之后对得到的产物进行热处理，并使用XRD物相分析、SEM扫描电镜、BET比表面积和电化学性能测试对实验所制得的样品的结构，形貌及性能进行了表征。结果表明，热处理温度对实验所制得的纳米氧化物粉末的结构有重要的影响，当以氟化铵作为结构导向剂系列在180℃的水热温度下反应6小时所制得的多面体组成的鸟巢状形貌的钴酸镍前驱体粉末，热处理后制备的电极在1A/g的电流密度下测得的比电容为408F/g。23483
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毕业论文关键词： 超级电容器、钴酸镍、结构导向剂、NiCo2O4
Preparation and Properties of Nanocomposite Materials
Abstract: Nano-composite materials with particular structure have very special and various
performance which is paid more and more attention from the worldwide researchers. And the
physical and chemical properties of this functional material have the close association with
method of application and preparation. The products in this paper was prepared by the
hydrothermal method using ammonium fluoride as a structure directing agent, water and
ethanol as solvent during the synthesis of nano-oxide of cobalt nickel material. The
hydrothermal reaction conditions in the experiments have been changed, after heat treatment of
the obtained product, XRD analysis, BET specific surface and the scanning electron microscope
are used to characterize the structure and morphology of the sample. The results show that, the
heat treatment having an important influence on structure of nano-oxide powder was prepared
by the temperature on the experiment, when the ammonium fluoride as structure directing agent,
cobalt nickel precursor with nest-like morphology composed of polyhedron was got in the hot
water temperature of 180 reaction for 6 hours, ℃ The electrochemical performance of the
prepared electrode was measured after heat treatment, and the specific capacitance 408F/g was
achieved at a current density of 1A/g.
Keywords: Supercapacitors, Nickel-cobalt, structure directing agent, NiCo2O4
目 录
1 文献综述 1
1.1 超级电容器的定义 1
1.1.1 超级电容器的基本原理 1
1.1.2 超级电容器的特点和用途 .. 2
1.1.3 超级电容器电极材料的研究现状 .. 2
1.2 钴酸镍 .. 3
1.2.1 钴酸镍的晶体结构 .. 3
1.2.2 钴酸镍电极的反应机理 3
1.2.3 钴酸镍的制备方法 .. 3
1.2.4 影响纳米氧化镍的电容性能因素的研究 .. 6
1.3 现有问题 . 7
1.4 选题依据 . 7
1.5 研究的目的和意义 8
1.6 主要研究内容 .. 8
2 实验部分 9
2.1 试剂与仪器 9
2.1.1 试剂 .. 9
2.1.2 仪器 9
2.2 材料的制备 . 11
2.2.1 纳米钴酸镍前驱体的制备 . 11
2.2.2 纳米钴酸镍前驱体的热处理 11
2.2.3 纳米钴酸镍电极的制备 .. 11